Is It Irrational For Companies - 2523 Words

Is it Irrational for Companies to be Marketing to Children? Companies have been marketing to children for an abundant amount of years. Nevertheless, is it ethical for companies to be targeting children in order to sell their products? As a result, companies have been doing well economically from marketing to children, however, on the opposite side, marketing is affecting children emotionally and it has had a negative influence on their well-being/health. First off, marketing to children has become a favored way for companies to succeed in earning money. Since marketing to children has become an efficient way for companies to get children to buy their products, the income of the amount of money companies make from children has dramatically increased throughout the years. To illustrate, in ‘’Study Shows Fast Food Companies Aggressively Market to Kids, Minorities’’ to explain the amount of money marketers spend on marketing to children, Wartman states ‘ ’Indeed, the $4.2 billion dollars spent in 2009 on advertising by the fast food industry is working†¦ 40 percent of parents report that their children ask to go to McDonald’s at least once a week and 15 percent of preschoolers ask to go every day’’ (Wartman). In this quotation, it is clear that companies are wealthy, they spend an excessive amount of money only to provide advertisements. This technique of advertising works well since it is proven that children want to go to McDonald’s every day, that is because McDonald’sShow MoreRelatedThe Old Constant : Human Psychology963 Words   |  4 Pagesoverreactions and irrational decisions. Second, investors tend to trade more often in a rising market although they may not have a quantitative basis for their decisions. When the entire market is rising it is likely that a wide range of investors report gains. Individuals then tend to attribute their success to their own qualities rather than macroeconomic factors that may have caused their success. This practice characterizes overconfidence and amplifies the tendency to make irrational decisions inRead MoreThe Influence Of Visual Advertising On Consumer Behavior Essay1181 Words   |  5 Pagesbehavior (Barnham 1). As a leading cause to product success rate, a large population of consumers buys a product because of their respective interpretation of respective companies’ advertisements. Visual ads are an important asset to the marketing industry. Paying attention to the rational and emotional needs of the consumer, companies recognize the benefits of productive advertising, in addition to understanding consumer conscience. With the progress of modern technology, producers’ visual ads haveRead MoreThe Anxiety Of Depression And Anxiety1413 Words   |  6 PagesThe client and therapist relationship will be largely based in collaborative empiricism. The client and I will be working together to identify his irrational beliefs that sustain his depression and anxiety, and identify the source of the disturbance in thoughts. According to REBT, Williams disturbances of sleep and headache is due to the irrational pessimistic beliefs about his future, and the worry that things will never get better. Will is keeping their emotional disturbances active by continuingRead MoreRacial Discrimination Against African Americans857 Words   |  4 Pagesunethical, it is because she is an African-American, which considered as having bad influences for the company. As a result of the racial discrimination, Nakia Sanford brought FedEx to the court, although the process is still ongoing until now. 2 2. Coca Cola’s unequal treatment against its African-American employees Business and Human Rights Resource Centre (2014) noted that in 1999, the Coca Cola Company have been racially discriminated most of their African-American employees in the workplace, whichRead MoreThe Rational Irrationality Complex1147 Words   |  5 Pagesthey act irrationally. Their irrational decisions and results can be, in part, hindered and corrected by government intervention. That markets fail mostly due to irrationality rather than to greed can be seen from the scenario of the retail bookstores, particularly Borders, vs. that of e-book publishing. It appears that e-book publishing may have a future (PWC, nd), but many book stores are slow to acknowledge and appreciate that fact. Borders was one of those companies who failed to foresee theRead MoreDecision Making And The Prospect Theory1490 Words   |  6 Pagesdecisions when faced with perceived risk and uncertainty. Utility can be explained by how much an individual values an extra unit of wealth. Contrary to the normative approach, Prospect Theory aims to model real life choices of individuals which can be irrational, rather than the optimal choices that Expected Utility Theory suggests people should make thus, Prospect Theory is a more accurate description of decision making. Firstly, Von Neumann and Morgenstern (1953) claimed that individuals make decisionsRead MoreRelationship Between Consumer Sentiment And Adr Price Essay1418 Words   |  6 Pagesa function of expected changes in exchange rate expectations and differences in investor sentiment.31 The sample comprises 30 Chinese companies having 30Their main sample includes 74 ADRs from nine countries for the period 1996-2003. These are 11 Australian, 32 British, 2 Danish, 3 Finish, 6 French, 4 German, 3 Italian, 10 Dutch, 4 Spanish, and 3 Swedish companies. Differing from Rabinovitch et al. (2003), they look into two costly arbitrage factors- transaction costs and holding costs.30 It is foundRead MoreThe Impact Of U.s. Economy On The Housing Crisis1188 Words   |  5 Pagesdesire to avoid a similar crisis in the future (Weinberg). There have been four factors that have been identified to leading the housing bubble: relaxed standards for mortgage loan, low mortgage interest rates, low short-term interest rates, and irrational exuberance. Standards for mortgage loans were relaxed because new government policies were aimed at promoting an increase in home ownership for lower-income households and greater competition in the mortgage loan market. The relaxing of mortgageRead MoreComment on the Three Conditions on Market Efficiency1004 Words   |  5 Pagesand lead investors to overestimate their ability and knowledge and understate the risks. In reality, there are some other behavioral biases. Investors usually prefer to put their money into a company that they know or familiar with. This is known as familiarity bias. They will invest heavily in the company they work for. They will also allocate a larger fraction of their investments to domestic stock even though it is easier to diversify investments across geographies. In addition, people tend toRead MoreEfficient Market Hypothesis Theory949 Words   |  4 Pagesconflicting view on the theory was presented by Shleifer (2000) in which he identified three main arguments for the EMH: 1. Investors are rational and hence value securities rationally. 2. Some investors are irrational but their trades are random and cancel each other out. 3. Some investors are irrational but rational arbitrageurs eliminate their influence on prices. If all these exist, then both efficient markets and stock prices would be very unpredictable and thus would follow a random walk. Dupernex

Informative Speech NFL Concussions Essay - 792 Words

Informative Speech Outline INTRODUCTION 1. Creative Attention Getter a. My creative attention getter will be playing a video with some hard helmet-to-helmet hits in the NFL 2. Thesis Statement a. Football is a hard-hitting sport and can cause concussions, head injuries, and even permanent brain damage. 3. Preview of the main points a. Concussions can be defined as â€Å"by immediate and transient alteration in brain function, including alteration of mental status and level of consciousness, resulting from mechanical force or trauma.† b. Concussions have been a major problem in many physical sports and policies have been put into place to try and protect athletes. c. NFL players that are taken out of the game can lose the opportunity†¦show more content†¦Players cannot return to the game or cannot return to practice until they have been cleared from the team doctor as well as a neurologist iv. In 2009 the NFL tightened the rules 1. Helmet to helmet contact is an immediate 15 yard penalty in the NFL 2. Players can be fined for an official labeling a hit helmet-to-helmet v. Returning to athletic activity too soon after a concussion can raise the risk of permanent damage if the athlete is hit in the head again 7. #3 Main Point a. Even though there are policies in place to protect the athletes, these polices can keep players out of a game that they may have been able to play in without any consequences i. Most NFL players have played football for many years and because they have grown up taking numerous head hits they can be considered less likely to have long term effects from a concussion than the general public ii. Many NFL players get paid for gaining titles such as: the most yards ran in a game, most touchdowns in a year, etc. The players can lose money and these titles if they are kept out of a game due to fear of a possible concussion iii. The person who watches the players and rules a player out for a possible concussion sits high up in the stadium and does not have the best view of the play in question iv. Even with this policy there has not been any decrease in the amount of concussions in the NFL. Front line reports that inShow MoreRelatedOutline And Outline Of Nfl Concussions803 Words   |  4 PagesMatt Eichelberger Date: 10/18/15 INFORMATIVE SPEECH OUTLINE Topic: concussions General Purpose: understand NFL concussions Specific Purpose: concussions are a serious problem in the NFL Central Idea: concussions can be bad if not treated correctly Speech Title: NFL protocol I. Introduction (introduces topic) a. Attention Getter- How many of you have had a concussion? b. Thesis- I want you to better understand concussions, why they’re a problem in the NFL and what measures are being taken

Social Learning Knowledge Acquisition in a Social Context Free Essays

Social learning theory posits that knowledge acquisition is a cognitive process that takes place in a social context and can occur purely through observation or direct instruction, even in the absence of motor reproduction or direct reinforcement. In addition to the observation of behaviour, learning also occurs through the observation of rewards and punishments, a process known as of vicarious reinforcement. Role Model Theory Social learning theory states that people learn from the people that they look up to; this has a huge effect on children of young age and because of their age and knowledge they don’t fully know what’s wrong and what’s right, so that’s why most children look up to celebs on T. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Learning: Knowledge Acquisition in a Social Context or any similar topic only for you Order Now V and they want to achieve what they have achieved, sometimes a child’s biggest role models are their parents and they will imitate their behaviour for example if the father of a child is abusive and rough with them than the child might grow up thinking that was normal and imitate the behaviours when they are older. Social learning theory was first introduced in 1977 by Albert Bandura and he stated that behaviour is learned from the environment around us and through the process of observational learning, for example a child’s environment and upraising is very important in influencing the child’s behaviour in later life, if the child’s environment is a rough area and are brought up by rough parents then the child is more likely to copy the actions and the behaviour of the parents when they grow up. This is clearly illustrated in the Bobo Doll experiment in 1961 by Bandura. Bobo Doll Experiment In 1961 Albert Bandura selected 36 boys and 36 girls from ages between 3 to 6 years old, bandura also chose 2 adults a male and a female; he wanted the adults act aggressively towards the Bobo doll while 24 of the children watched, he wanted the adults act as role models for the children so he can analyse what effects that has on the children, the adults were told to throw the doll about and attack it with various weapons like toy guns, hammers and sticks. While 24 of the group of children watched the 2 adults hitting the doll, the other group of 24 children were watching a non-aggressive adults and the final 24 child were used as a control group and not exposed to any model at all. After the children experienced the adult’s (whether they were  aggressive, non-aggressive or no adult) they were taken in the room with toys and they were also told not to play or touch the toys, as the children got angry and frustrated over the rule of not playing with the toys they were taken to another room where there was a Bobo doll and aggressive and non-aggressive toys that they were allowed to play with, the experimenters recorded the children behaviour. Bandura found out that the children who were exposed to the aggressive model were more likely to act in aggressive ways than those who were not exposed to the aggressive model, those children who were exposed to the aggressive model started hitting the doll with a toy gun and a hammer and also started to punch, kick and throwing it while shouting at the doll. But the children that were exposed to non-aggressive models did not react aggressively towards the Bobo doll instead they just played with the toys and the Bobo doll. Self-full filling prophecy Self-fulfilling prophecy a positive or negative expectation about people that may affect a person’s behaviour towards another in a manner that causes those expectations to be made true. e. g. â€Å"treat others how you would like to be treated â€Å"This happens because our beliefs influence our actions. A child might have low self-esteem so he/she will not try out for any sports teams because their belief is that they are not confident and good enough so he/she will make that belief and prediction happen because they have no self-esteem and confidence. Anti-discrimination behaviour Anti-discrimination behaviour is action taken to prevent discrimination against people on the grounds of race, class, gender, disability etc. Anti-discriminatory practice promotes equality by introducing anti-discrimination policies in the workplace, this is a good way to preventing discrimination in the workplace because it makes the employees aware of the rules and the horrible effects that discrimination could have on people including self harm and suicide. Another really good way of preventing discrimination on a wide scale is to get popular celebrities to promote a campaigned against discrimination on T. V so it can be seen by millions. Because the campaign is promoted by a popular celebrity it will have lots of followers and supporters, this is because the celebrity acts as a role model and will influence their fans to prevent discrimination from happening. As well as celebrities preventing discrimination and promoting anti- discrimination, other people who aren’t celebrities can also promote anti-discrimination but it will take longer than celebrities because not everyone is well known and have that many supporters or fans to follow them, this can be done by a person encouraging family and friends together and telling them to let others know about anti-discrimination and after a while more and more people will be promoting the campaign. With lots of supporters. An example of a celebrity promoting anti-discrimination is David Beckham and he promotes the â€Å"SAY NO TO RACISIM† campaign through videos, conventions and also by telling supporters to spread the word, because is well known and liked around the world he has a huge number of followers on twitter which he also uses to promote his campaign. Groups and effects of others (Asch experiment) Solomon Asch conducted a series of experiments in which he studied the willingness of an individual to fit in a group while answering a question, even when those answers were obviously wrong. In the experiment, subjects who were unaware of the actual experiment were told that they were participating in a vision test. In reality though, each subject was placed in a group of people for the experiments. The people in the group were fully aware of the true purpose of the study. The aim of the experiment was to investigate the extent to which social pressure from a majority group could affect a person to conform. They seated the group in a classroom and they were asked a variety of questions about an image on which was placed in front of them which contained straight line labelled A, B and C and they were asked how long line A was, which line was longer than the other, which lines were the same length, etc. The group was told to answer each question out loud in front of the rest of the group, with the accomplices of the experiment always answering before the subjects and always giving the same answers as the others. They answered a few of the questions correctly, but then started answering incorrectly on purpose. The results of this experiment were that nearly 75 percent of the participants in the conformity experiments went along with the rest of the group at least one time even though the answer was obviously wrong. The results showed that people feel pressured go along with the majority of people because they feel pressured to fit in with the group and not stand alone against them. Health and Social Care An example of a positive role model for children to look up to and be inspired by is a doctor because they are respected by society and also they help people in need as they save the life’s of hundreds, this makes children look up to them because they see them as hard working, intelligent and respected professionals who make sick people better. Another reason a doctor is a good role model is that their professional achievement is an indication that they have finished education and worked hard to get to where they are, so that influences children to do work hard to and do well in school to get to where they want to be. They are also positive role model because they promote a healthy living and the majority of them promote anti-discrimination and these influence kids to be health and not to judge people because of their skin or background. How to cite Social Learning: Knowledge Acquisition in a Social Context, Papers