A GROSS FORM OF DELIGHTFUL SATIRE Essays -- essays papers

A GROSS FORM OF DELIGHTFUL SATIREThe stoical scheme of supplying our wants by lopping pip our desires, is like cutting off our feet when we want shoes. -Jonathan SwiftWe have just enough religion to take on us hate, but not enough to make us love on another. -Jonathan Swift Like all true satirists, Swift was predominantly a moralist, one who chastises the vices and follies of humankind in the name of rightfulness and common sense. Throughout his writing, Swift constantly raised the question of whether the achievements of civilization-its advancing technology, its institutions, its refinement of manners- ordurenot be seen as complex forms of barbarism. With this theme in mind, Swift wrote whatsoever of his best works A Modest Proposal, Gullivers Travels, and A Tale of a Tub. Although he is mastery at prose, he is also known for his poetry. It can be said that the subjects within his writings could be taken from his religious belief in the non-perfection of man. Swift believe d that human reason was necessary to divine guidance. harmonize to Herbert Read, Swift was the first poet who dared to describe nature as it is with all its deformities, and to give exact expression to a turn of thought no matter the subject. And because his feel was one long mutiny-mutiny against darkness of fate, the injustice of men, the indignity of our bodily functions-his work is one long scrutiny into dark depths. Therefore, he attacks the idealistic idea of feminine beaut by ironically drawing attention to the female bodys excretory functions. Unfortunately, Swift emphasizes women, despite his deep love and friendship for individual women, as a symbol of mans bestiality. He victimizes women by his own secret over-idealization of her. This is seen in his poems, The Ladys Dressing-Room, Strephon and Chloe, and A Beautiful Young nymph Going to Bed. Swift becomes obsessed by the morbidly physical. The gap between spirit and flesh cannot bridge, for flesh has become uncl eansable to him. With Swift being seen by Robert Ellis--quoted by Herbert Read-as having neurasthenia, anything that comes regularly and in routine is liable to become intolerable, it is easier to understand some of his writings. This idea gained him much ridicule from critics because thinkers of his day stressed the essential goodness and reason of humans. Swift, certainly, shares this i... ...od which he was writing and the subjects that were generally written about. Because his descriptions are so detailed, and the imagery is so deep, Jonathan Swift proves himself as a writer to be studied and admired.Bibliography workings CITEDBrown, Laura. Reading Race and Gender Jonathan Swift. Critical Essays on Jonathan Swift. Ed. Frank Palmeri. New York G.K. Hall & Co, 1993. 122.Davis, Herbert. Swifts View of Poetry. Poetry Criticism. Ed. Drew Kalasky. Vol. 9. Detroit Gale Research Company, 1994. 259Donoghue, Denis, Ed. Jonathan Swift. Australia Penguin Books, 1971. 307.Huxley, Aldous. Do What You Will. London Chatto & Windus, 1956.Johnson, Maurice. The Sin of Wit Jonathan Swift as a Poet. Literature Criticism from 1400 to 1800. Ed. Dennis Poupard. Vol. 1. New island of Jersey Gale Research Company, 1984. 502.Read, Herbert. The Poems of Swift. Literature Criticism from 1400 to 1800. Ed. Dennis Poupard. Vol. 1. New Jersey Gale Research Company, 1984. 453.Watkins, W.B.C. Absent Thee from Felicity. Literature Criticism from 1400 to 1800. Ed. Dennis Poupard. Vol. 1. New Jersey Gale Research Company, 1984. 461.

Woody Allen :: essays papers

arborescent AllenA plethora of people have written about Woody Allen, John Lahr saidand they either like him or dislike him. But no one has yet managed, Ithink, to interpret him. Woody Allen has been revered as one of thebrilliant artists of the twentieth century and at the homogeneous time calleda pervert. His works have been called jokes but also masterpieces. Manycritics have tested to explain why Allen writes the things he writes butnot one has had success. The drive and brilliance of Allen has notbeen understood yet. Seeing his movies gives us two opposing views. wholenessis the screwball comedian who is obsessed with death and sex while theother is the serious artist commenting on and criticizing our society.The latter view is more difficult to labor but is nonetheless there.Through different film techniques Allen mocks our society and filmindustry without us even realizing. His most widely used technique todo this is the film within a film. In movies such as The Purple Ro se ofCairo, Play It Again Sam and Hannah and Her Sisters Allen uses thistechnique to show us his ruling on a particular subject, and also usesit as a driving force behind his movies.The most notable use of filmwithin a film in Allen?s movies occurs in, The Purple Rose of Cairo.The time is The Depression and the scene a small town. Cecilia (MiaFarrow) is the central figure in the movie. She is married to anscurrilous gambler and heavy drinker. To cope and escape her problems,Cecilia constantly goes to a nearby movie theater called The Jewel.There she spends hours on end watching movies, sometimes the same onemore than three times. When she gets fired one day from her job, shegoes to The Jewel and watches a movie called The Purple Rose of Cairoat least cardinal times (Blake 117). On her fifth time watching themovie, Tom Baxter (Jeff Daniels) jumps out from the movie and entersthe theater telling Cecilia that he has noted her faithful presence andis attracted to her. As they leave th e theater together, the musicians inthe movie aimlessly wonder around bewildered by what had justtranspired. Deeply concerned is the real life actor of Tom Baxter, GilShephard because this misfortune could wreck his blossomingcareer(Kauffmann 37). To add to the trouble, other cities havereported that the Baxter character has stepped out of The Purple Roseof Cairo in various theaters and has disappeared. Why would Woody Allencreate such a unrealistic movie critics called the most innovative

Professional Sports - NBA Should Enforce a Hard Salary Cap Essay exampl

The NBA Should Enforce a Hard Salary Cap How many of you sports fans emerge there atomic number 18 sick of paying twenty-five dollars for a lousy seat at an NBA game? How many of you ar sick of seeing the aforesaid(prenominal) teams in the finals all(prenominal) year? Im sure there ar thousands of you out there that feel this way, as do I. The way we can fix these problems is to take up that the NBA enforce a unverbalized salary top. A thorny salary cap would decline ticket prices, deed over for more teams to be more hawkish and eliminate the surmise of any future lockouts. If the three things listed above arent met, its hard to say if the NBA will survive at all. I want to see the NBA survive, plainly not in the way things are being run now. A hard salary cap is the only way the fans and the players can coexist. A hard salary cap will lower ticket prices. I, among many of friends am a die-hard NBA fan, but we can only afford to attend unrivaled or dickens games a year. The average ticket price in the NBA is twenty-five dollars and that doesnt include a pair of binoculars, which youll need if youre sitting in a twenty-five-dollar seat. That can go past you an idea of how much a court side seat might cost you. Some people wonder why tickets are so much. perhaps Mike Kahn, who is the CBS Sportsline Executive Editor, can tell us why ticket prices are so high. In one of his articles he notes. Players salaries are escalating faster than tax income and it would be foolish not to throw a lid on it. Tickets are already out of sight for a centre of attention class family. ( 2 ) That means to me that players are demanding more and more money and ticket prices have to go up to compensate for higher salaries. I n the Tampa Tribune, Bill Fay, a sports writer for the paper noted. Most of the teams h... ...salary cap will provide an answer for some of the most serious problems facing the NBA. It will lower ticket prices, allow more teams to be more c ompetitive and eliminate the any future lockouts. If these problems can be fixed by enforcing a hard salary cap, I dont see why it shouldnt be done. The NBA should enforce a hard salary cap. Works Cited Fay, Bill Owners Need To Be Restrained, Tampa Tribune 5 July 1998, 1-2 Kahn, Mike, Latest parole Could Stall Negotiations, October, 1998, n. pag. Online. solid ground Wide web <wysiwyg//71/http//cbs.sportsline.../page/cyberspy/oct98/spy101998.htm> Nov. 14, 98 Anonymous. Labor Issues, The Salt Lake Tribune 30 June 1998,1 MacMullan, Jackie, Lockout Limbo, July 1998, n. pag. Online. World Wide Web <httpwww.cnnsi.com/features/1998/weekly/980720/nbalock_intro.html> Nov. 14,1998 Professional Sports - NBA Should Enforce a Hard Salary Cap Essay examplThe NBA Should Enforce a Hard Salary Cap How many of you sports fans out there are sick of paying twenty-five dollars for a lousy seat at an NBA game? How many of you are sick of seeing the same teams in the fina ls every year? Im sure there are thousands of you out there that feel this way, as do I. The way we can fix these problems is to demand that the NBA enforce a hard salary cap. A hard salary cap would lower ticket prices, allow for more teams to be more competitive and eliminate the possibility of any future lockouts. If the three things listed above arent met, its hard to say if the NBA will survive at all. I want to see the NBA survive, but not in the way things are being run now. A hard salary cap is the only way the fans and the players can coexist. A hard salary cap will lower ticket prices. I, among many of friends am a die-hard NBA fan, but we can only afford to attend one or two games a year. The average ticket price in the NBA is twenty-five dollars and that doesnt include a pair of binoculars, which youll need if youre sitting in a twenty-five-dollar seat. That can give you an idea of how much a court side seat might cost you. Some people wonder why tickets are so much. M aybe Mike Kahn, who is the CBS Sportsline Executive Editor, can tell us why ticket prices are so high. In one of his articles he notes. Players salaries are escalating faster than revenue and it would be foolish not to throw a lid on it. Tickets are already out of sight for a middle class family. ( 2 ) That means to me that players are demanding more and more money and ticket prices have to go up to compensate for higher salaries. I n the Tampa Tribune, Bill Fay, a sports writer for the paper noted. Most of the teams h... ...salary cap will provide an answer for some of the most serious problems facing the NBA. It will lower ticket prices, allow more teams to be more competitive and eliminate the any future lockouts. If these problems can be fixed by enforcing a hard salary cap, I dont see why it shouldnt be done. The NBA should enforce a hard salary cap. Works Cited Fay, Bill Owners Need To Be Restrained, Tampa Tribune 5 July 1998, 1-2 Kahn, Mike, Latest News Could Stall Negoti ations, October, 1998, n. pag. Online. World Wide Web <wysiwyg//71/http//cbs.sportsline.../page/cyberspy/oct98/spy101998.htm> Nov. 14, 98 Anonymous. Labor Issues, The Salt Lake Tribune 30 June 1998,1 MacMullan, Jackie, Lockout Limbo, July 1998, n. pag. Online. World Wide Web <httpwww.cnnsi.com/features/1998/weekly/980720/nbalock_intro.html> Nov. 14,1998

Edmund Kemper:Co-ed Killer :: essays research papers fc

The TV program MUGSHOTS uses the testimony of authorities that worked the case along with interviews with Kemper himself as to what was happening throughout the case from both sides of the story. The product of a broken and abusive home, Edmund Kemper grew up timid and resentful, with a perception of his own inadequacy. Before the come along of ten, Kemper graduated to living targets, burying the family cat alive and subsequently cutting off its head, returning with the gruesome trophy to his room, where it was placed on proud pomp despite his tender age, he brooded over fantasies of love and sex, with violence playing an inevitable role. One afterwardnoon, discussing Edmunds childish crush upon a grade-school teacher, Kempers sister asked him why he did not simply kiss the woman. Kemper answered, deadpan, "If I kiss her, I would have to kill her first." A second family cat fell victim to his urges this one hacked with a machete, pieces of the carcass hidden in his closet until his mother accidentally discovered them. Kempers mother first packed him off to live with her estranged husband, and then - after running away - the boy was delivered to his paternal grandparents, residing on a remote California ranch. There, in August 1963, fourteen-year-old Kemper shot his grandmother with a .22-caliber rifle, afterward bully her body repeatedly with a kitchen knife. When his grandfather came home, Kemper shot the old man as well, leaving him dead in the yard. Interrogated by authorities, Kemper could only say "I just wondered how it would feel to shoot Grandma." Motiveless violence displayed in his actions got Kemper committed to the states maximum-security hospital in Atascadero. In 1969, a 21-year-old behemoth grown to six-foot-nine and some ccc pounds, Kemper was paroled to his mothers custody over the objections of the state psychiatrists. During Kempers enforced absence, his mother had settled in Santa Cruz, a college town whose population bo asted thousands of attractive co-eds. For the next two years, through 1970 and 71, Kemper bided his time, retention odd jobs and cruising the highways in his leisure time, picking up dozens of young female hitchhikers, refining his approach, his "line," until, he knew that he could put them totally at ease. well-nigh evenings, he would frequent a saloon patronized by off-duty policemen, rubbing shoulders with the law and soaking up their tales of crime, becoming friendly with a number of detectives who would posterior be assigned to track him down.

Green permits :: essays research papers

kibibyte Permits Transferable discharge permits create an economic motivator to reduce contamination and exhibit many other advantages over the current command and control pollution regulation system. However, green permits on a banging scale would be difficult to allocate fairly, and the efficient economic outcome may not be the socially desirable outcome. Introduction to putting green Permits 1. spirt Permits as an incentive to reduce pollution hail to pollute- tie up money induces costs/benefits of pollution to owner of permits a. polluter pays incentives for research and development 2. Green Permit benefits over Command and Control under CAC delay is profitable new technology must develop to ever-changing EPA standards fixed cost of pollution -free if under guidelines no incentive to reduce each pollution written into law b. who determines value of each pollutant c. special interest groups ruling majority 1. Problems with Green Permits initial allocation c. auction off - generate revenue but create barriers d. give away - harm firms already environmentally friendly occupation rules leading to socially undesirable outcome a. anybody trade - geographic concentration problem b. mixing problem - receptor sites and ambient standards 4. Green Permits as a market failure cant have failed without trying on large scale example - rapid phaseout of lead gasoline References Develin, Rose, Grafton, Quentin. Marketable venting permitsefficiency, profitability and substitutability. Canadian Journal of Economics, Ap(96). Vol.29,260-264 Rothschild, Micheal. (1992) Green Markets. Upside. Bionomics Institute Field, Barry, Olewiler, Nancy. Environmental Economics (First Canadian Edition). Toronto McGraw Hill. 1994 Cost-effectiveness has emerged as a major consideration in the cast of environmental policies. Cost-effectiveness means that with prudent policy design, the same level of environmental improvement can be achieved at a lower cost, which implies real cost sa vings for the affected polluters. Alternatively, a higher level of environmental quality can be achieved at the same cost, which implies a real gain for the tribe affected by pollution. Cost-effectiveness thus generates win-win opportunities between polluters and the community at large and has emerged as a concept that can bring the battling parties in the political rock about pollution control policies together to one table. While charges fix the cost of pollution control but leave the total level of emissions to be determined by the market, a system of tradable permits fixes the total amount of emissions from all sources but leaves the price of pollution and the allocation of the total emissions to individual sources to the market.

Green permits :: essays research papers

Green reserves Transferable discharge permits create an economic incentive to surmount pollution and exhibit many other advantages over the current command and control pollution regulation system. However, green permits on a large photographic plate would be difficult to allocate fairly, and the efficient economic outcome may not be the socially desirable outcome. Introduction to Green Permits 1. Green Permits as an incentive to reduce pollution cost to pollute- tie up money induces costs/benefits of pollution to owner of permits a. polluter pays incentives for research and development 2. Green Permit benefits over Command and Control below CAC delay is profitable new technology must develop to ever-changing EPA standards fixed cost of pollution -free if under guidelines no incentive to reduce each pollution written into law b. who determines value of each pollutant c. special interest groups ruling majority 1. Problems with Green Permits sign allocation c. auction off - genera te revenue but create barriers d. give away - harm firms already environmentally friendly trading rules steer to socially undesirable outcome a. anybody trade - geographic concentration problem b. mixing problem - receptor sites and ambient standards 4. Green Permits as a foodstuff failure cant have failed without trying on large scale example - rapid phaseout of lead gasoline References Develin, Rose, Grafton, Quentin. Marketable emission permitsefficiency, profitability and substitutability. Canadian Journal of Economics, Ap(96). Vol.29,260-264 Rothschild, Micheal. (1992) Green Markets. Upside. Bionomics Institute Field, Barry, Olewiler, Nancy. Environmental Economics (First Canadian Edition). Toronto McGraw Hill. 1994 Cost-effectiveness has emerged as a major consideration in the design of environmental policies. Cost-effectiveness means that with prudent policy design, the same level of environmental improvement can be achieved at a lower cost, which implies real cost savings for the unnatural polluters. Alternatively, a higher level of environmental quality can be achieved at the same cost, which implies a real gain for the population affected by pollution. Cost-effectiveness thus generates win-win opportunities between polluters and the community at large and has emerged as a concept that can bring the battling parties in the political controversy close to pollution control policies together to one table. While charges fix the cost of pollution control but leave the total level of emissions to be unflinching by the market, a system of tradable permits fixes the total amount of emissions from all sources but leaves the price of pollution and the allocation of the total emissions to individual sources to the market.

Fast Food vs Organic Essay

Have you ever sat and back and wondered why there are so galore(postnominal) obese people in the U. S.? You would think that with all of the buzz just about organic fares that we have available, that we would slowly be getting better with our weight as a country. Unfortunately the reality of the situation is organic food are expensive and with the way the economy is today many people are functional on a budget and simply cannot afford to splurge on the organic items. So now that we know that lets look at the second one-half of that equation, Fast Food Now as much as people criticize the fast food industry its convenient and like the come upon says fast.Now days most people do not want to come home after a long, hard day of work and knuckle down over the stove to cook a hot meal for their family. However what they dont realize is how much that food is poisoning us. Take McDonalds for example, it has been brought to the commons attention just what goes on when they are making th eir food. The food looks like food that you would make in your kitchen, but it is actually manufactured. French fry use to be made by potatoes peeled in the back room and cut into strips. Today they are made in large factories, frozen(p) and processed.Some of the ingredients are very fatty. Even though they have said that they were injecting the chicken nuggets with a pink dye, people are still running to the license for their food. I am not judging anyone by any means just stating my observations. Now if you think about it most families probably spend about $100 a week on fast food. Why would so people spend so much money on fast food you ask? Its simple its easy, and its convenient and inexpensive. Compared to other foods its something that working people and ordinary people can go out and enjoy.The introduction of a fast food restaurant is very well thought out. We form our eating habits as children so they try to nurture clients as youngsters. Its very important that the fas t food companies make sure that their fast food meals for children are healthier. In contrast the benefits of eating organic foods are great(p) and if you can afford them should definitely take advantage of them. The are good for both the earth and the environment. The animals are living stress-free, free-grazing on the land and not existence manufactured in deplorable living conditions.Organic farmers use less energy, less water resources, and NO pesticides. Organic farmers soil stays rich in content, moisture and nutrients due to careful management of land and using only natural organic matter to grow their crops. When industrialized agriculture arrives in tillage communities, many farmers are forced out of business. Each month dozens of new pesticides, show up in local supermarkets and stores. Because they are advertised firmly are purchased and used and thus the destruction of the earth continues slow and steady. Organic farmers, live cleanly. Free of pesticides and toxins.

James I of England and Macbeth

Some say hes mad others, that lesser hate him, Do call it valiant fury (Caithness Act 5, Scene 2) dish out Macbeth as a gothic help in the light of this comment.Although William Shakespe atomic number 18s Macbeth was written in a time out front the introduction of the Gothic genre, it is fair to debate that he fits the role typically prescribed to Gothic protagonists. However, the question of whether he is mad or shows roundions of valiant fury is a matter open to interpretation. Sickness and madness are common themes in Gothic texts, and it is arguable to suggest that as a Gothic protagonist, Macbeth is indeed driven to madness.Firstly, his repeated association with various supernatural elements in the play present him as being a share who is possibly driven by his own mental manifestations upon seeing a levitating dagger, Macbeth questions whether it is in feature a dagger of the mind, citing the possibility of his heat-oppressd brain being the itemor behind this vision. However, while many Gothic protagonists are associated with elements of the supernatural, that is not to say that they are mad. For example, when Macbeth witnesses Banquos ghost Never shake thy gory locks at me it is perhaps fairer to argue that the ghost is a manifestation of his own guilt as opposed to an straight-out madness which possessed Macbeth.Those who argue that Macbeth is mad may relate his madness back to the notion of Gothic protagonists possessing an all-consuming passion or goal which they are set(p) to reach. In Macbeths case, this desire is arguably his thirst for power and desire to kill the king. Some critics would refute this point, and argue that Macbeth does not harbour such a passion, and that it is the femme fatale-esque character of Lady Macbeth who taunts Macbeth with demeaning rhetorical language such as Are you a man? and I would be ashamed to wear a inwardness so white there is certainly evidence to suggest that Macbeths desire to be king does not l ead to his madness, and that it is his wifes power that leads him to the first of many bloody acts.However, this interpretation may be too narrow in its analysis, and it is perfectly potential to argue that Macbeths inherent thirst for power is what leads to his madness. In act genius scene four Macbeth expresses quiet dismay atMalcolms appointment as the Prince of Cumberland, referring to the obstacles in his path to glory as a step / On which I must fall down, or else oer-leap. In terms of structure, this scene occurs before Macbeth and Lady Macbeths onstage discussion, and suggests that Macbeths madness does indeed stem from the typical Gothic protagonist role as i who is driven to madness or inner conflict by an all-consuming passion. Furthermore, this passion is present even in Macbeths first run across with the witches, where Banquo notes that Macbeth is rapt withal at the possibility that he shalt be king hereafter.Another typical feature of a Gothic protagonist is a spi cy social rank, which noble Macbeth certainly adheres to. It may then be in his record as a worthy warrior to strive for greatness and power perhaps Macbeths actions are down to valiant fury after all. Shakespeares use of adjectives such as brave and worthy establish him as a high-ranking soldier before he is even introduced this of course contrasts with the language used to describe him later, where demonic imagery such as referring to him as a hell-hound and something wicked associates him with inherent evil.In act one scene two, the Captain describes Macbeths fearlessness and fury on the battlefield, describing how Macbeth ran his sword from his nave tthe chops in what is considered an act of bravery. This may lead to the assertion that Macbeth is not mad after all, and that the temper of his character is far more likely to succumb to valiant fury, since he is a warrior and, as already mentioned, has the will to kill the king harbouring within him as soon as he hears the witche s prophecy. However, the word valiant suggests a sense of honour and dignity surrounding Macbeths tyrannical reign.Macbeths actions may have been valiant, had King Duncan been a feral and oppressive king. However, Shakespeare presented Duncan as a kind and virtuous character, perhaps to appease King James I, who was the king at the time of writing and admired Shakespeares work. The fact that Macbeth murders the king is already contrary to the divine right of kings at the time, but the fact that the king was virtuous allowed for little interpretation calling Macbeth valiant. Furthermore, Macbeths duplicitous personality in the play sets him aside as a character who does not possess valiant fury at all.He openly lies to Banquo, his trusted friend, by replying with I cogitate not of them when questioned about the witches, and after Duncans body is found hedelivers a melodramatic and duplicitous monologue expressing his professed grief. The fact that Macbeth is called noble and is de scribed indirectly as a gentleman on whom I built an absolute trust directly contrasts with his duplicitous and cunning disposition. This contrast is perhaps best explained as the extremes of Macbeths doings as a character, a feature typical of Gothic protagonists.Most Gothic protagonists are caught in a dilemma or inner conflict, which often leads to extremes of behavior. In Macbeths case, it is as though he is aware of his own actions and cannot even say the word murder, instead making use of euphemisms such as this bloody stemma, yet he is also flippant in certain orders, such as the request that Macduffs wife and babes should be killed. Therefore, considering his conflicting and deceptive nature, it is indeed possible to refer to Macbeths actions as fury rather than madness. Valiant fury, however, is perhaps not true there seems to be almost no honor or nobleness in Macbeths actions and willingness to lie.Macbeths alleged madness is often linked to his use of emotive language . For example, the metaphor full of scorpions is my mind makes it sound as though Macbeths mind is poisoned, or out of his control. However, as just one of many instances where Macbeth uses Gothic language, it is not necessarily true to link such metaphors to madness. Instead, it is perhaps likely that Macbeth is referring to the conflicting nature of his mind, and the inner turmoil that he is facing as a Gothic protagonist. In conclusion, the assertions that Macbeth is either mad or harbours valiant fury both seem to undermine his nature as a Gothic protagonist.Macbeths madness is perhaps better described as the conflicting nature of any Gothic protagonist, and the notion that Macbeths fury is valiant contrasts the numerous clock where Macbeths cunning is anything but valiant or noble. Macbeth is indeed typical of a Gothic protagonist but, like many, does not necessarily fall into just one category.

Land Use Classification Map

The the three estates mathematical function classification maps for Blackpool shows that the most number of high monastic order shops ar in the revolve about of Blackpool. This links to the rates, as towards the centre the rates should increase, as it is a more prestigious location. As the possibleness states it is a characteristic of CBDs to stick out lots of high order shops and culture medium order shops and few low order shops. The position of the high order shops ar linked to the unglamourous parsimony map as more flock will want to chaffer the expanses with high order shops so the density will be higher(prenominal)(prenominal) there.I predicted that in Blackpool the specialist shops will be in the centre of the town CBD unless quite a lot of the specialist shops were in the frame, the tattoo salon for example. Also the shopping and environmental reference is linked to this, as the high order shops tends to be in argonas with higher shopping and environmental tonicity values. The land use classification map of Lytham shows that there is a mixture of low, medium and high order centre which according to my hypothesis is a characteristic of a small town. This as with the Blackpool land use map is also linked to the pedestrian counts and the shopping and environmental quality values as the highest pedestrian density tends to be in the areas with high order shops as these are the best shops in the centre.Shop BreakdownAs fig S1 shows, the highest section of high order shop for Blackpool are in the centre and south zones. This is linked to the pedestrian and shopping and environmental quality scores, as the highest of these scores are in the centre and south zones. The north and east zones have the highest percentage of vacant shops which also links to the shopping and environmental score because if there arent any shops there the shopping quality score will be low. If the environmental quality is low, businesses will less likely want to pur chase property so they will remain vacant.This is also linked to the pedestrian density as if there arent many shops there they will not shop there. All of the zones have roughly the same percentage of medium order services. This is because Blackpool is a medium to high order centre and the medium order shops are likely to be in any area as they get obtain more profit as they are medium order services so can afford better locations. Also more national businesses are medium and high order so can afford sites in the centre, whilst independent businesses may only be able to afford smaller sites in the frame of the CBD. This is linked to rates, (see fig B3 and analysis of it).As fig S2 shows Lytham has roughly the same percentage of high and medium order shops which was not what I predicted in my hypothesis plainly has a higher percentage of low order shops than Blackpool which I predicted in my hypothesis. I predicted that the low order centres would more convenience stores than a hi gh order centre, which is correct in this study but I also predicted that the higher centre would have a higher percentage of specialist shops which it didnt as they both had similar percentages. Blackpool has a higher percentage of vacant shops than Lytham.This could be because there are 7 times as many shops in Blackpool as there are in Lytham so there may be a lower demand for them if they are in the frame of Blackpool CBD. As figs S3 and S4 show Blackpool has more variety of shops due to its size but similar percentages of clothes shops, cafes and electronic shops. Lytham has a higher percentage of gift shops and restaurant. This could be because throng travel to Lytham, as it is a quiet seaside town and they then eat at the restaurants and buy gifts at the gift shops. As graphs S3 and S4 show the gas constant of the pie charts are directly proportional to the square root of the number of services.Pedestrian Density MapsThe pedestrian density map of Blackpool shows that the hi ghest value of pedestrian density is in the centre of Blackpool. This is a characteristic of any centre. The further onward from the centre the lower the pedestrian density should be which the case for Blackpool is on this particular sidereal day. This is shown on graph B3. This shows that pedestrian count against distance form the town centre as medium to strong negative correlation, which means in most cases as the distance from town centre decreases, the pedestrian count increases.The pedestrian density map for Lytham also shows that the highest pedestrian density is in the centre and the further away from the centre the lower the density should be. This is shown on graph L3. It shows that pedestrian count against distance from the centre has medium negative correlation. Also the highest pedestrian density for Blackpool is higher than that of for Lytham which I stated in my hypothesis as Blackpool is higher up the hierarchy than Lytham. This is linked to the shopping and enviro nmental quality index value, as when the pedestrian density value increases the shopping and environmental quality value should also increase.Environmental and Shopping Quality MapsThe shopping and environmental quality map for Blackpool is as I predicted with the exception of the area surrounding Talbot Road and Springfield Road. As I predicted, the values for both the shopping and the environmental quality increase as they get nearer the centre. This is shown on graph B2. It has a medium negative correlation. In most cases the environmental quality values and the shopping quality are within 10 or 12 of each other, which shows direct correlation with the exception of Talbot Road where the shopping quality value is 30 points more. The shopping and environmental quality map of Lytham also shows an increase as it gets closer to the centre with the exception of outside the library where the shopping quality value is 36 but the environmental quality is 60 which follows the trend.This is shown on graph L2. It shows weak to medium negative correlation, which means as the distance from the centre increases the environmental and shopping quality value decreases in most cases. In every case, except the outside the library the values are within 12 points of each other, which is the same as the values for Blackpool. The highest value for the shopping and environmental quality is in Blackpool, which I predicted in my hypothesis, as Blackpool is higher on the hierarchy.These values are linked to the land use classification map, as the higher shopping quality values are in the centre where more high order shops and services are. This is shown on graph B1 for Blackpool as it shows rates per metre frontage against environmental plus shopping quality value. This shows low to medium positive correlation, which means in many cases as the environmental plus shopping quality value increases the rates per metre frontage also increase. Graph L1 for Lytham shows that for Lytham, rat es per metre frontage are not at all linked to environmental plus shopping quality, as the graph shows no correlation. Also the pedestrian density is linked to this as the pedestrian density is usually higher where the shopping and environmental quality values are as hoi polloi want to be in an area with pleasant surroundings and lots of good quality shops, which in most cases are high or medium order.Parking RestrictionsThe whole of Blackpool centre allows no parking unless you pay for the Hounds Hill car park. All the area is double yellow lines. There are a few taxi ranks and bus stops, but around half of the centre is pedestrianised. This is linked to the pedestrian count, as there is a higher pedestrian count in the pedestrianised areas. It is also linked to environmental quality value, as the value is likely to be higher if there is a pedestrianised area. For Lytham the area is split half-and-half with double yellow lines and restricted issue parking. There is a small taxi r ank and some bus stops.Shopping QuestionnairesI predicted that there were to be a higher percentage of jr. to middle aged people in Blackpool. This was true for the sample we took for Blackpool, as 5% were under 20, 20% were 21-30 and 21% were 41-50. For Lytham I predicted that there would be a higher percentage of older people. This was also true as 35% were over 60 but there were also more young people as 20% were under 20%, which I didnt predict. These percentages are shown on graphs Q5 and Q6. This is also linked to the distance people are prepared to travel as older people will want to travel less distance.It is also linked to the frequency of visit as older people will visit the centre more frequently as they usually have more time than middle aged people. The distance travelled to each centre is shown on graph Q4. It shows that the same percentage of people live in the immediate area, but a higher percentage of people from Blackpool travelled less than a mile, again a higher percentage of people asked in Blackpool between 1 and 5 miles but a higher percentage of people asked in Lytham travelled between 6 and 10 miles and also over 10 miles. This is also shown on graph Q10.I did not predict this in my hypothesis as I expected people would travel further to visit Blackpool, as it is a high order centre and should have a big catchment area than Lytham. The catchment areas for Blackpool and Lytham are shown on maps. These show quiet clearly that more people travelled from a smaller distance to visit Blackpool than they did for Lytham. A higher percentage of people were in Lytham to buy food and drink than there were in Blackpool. This was what I expected, as it is lower on the hierarchy. A higher percentage of people bought clothes and footwear, expensive items and household items in Blackpool. This is also as I predicted, as Blackpool is a high order centre. These are shown on graphs Q1 and Q2. These are linked to the distance people travelled as 32% of p eople travelled under 1 mile to Lytham and 37% bought food and drink which is as I predicted. If people spend more money they are more likely to use a credit card, as they wont have cash of place over 50.A higher percentage of people walked to Blackpool than to Lytham, which was not what I predicted, but the most popular mode of transport, was car. Also 10% of people travelled by coach to Lytham which was the same percentage that came from Somerset. This was because there was a coach trip from Somerset so these have affected by results. How people travelled to each centre is linked to the distance travelled, as people are not going to walk to a centre if they walk over a few miles away. A higher percentage of people in Lytham were going to visit a caf or restaurant than in Blackpool.This could be because Lytham is a phaeton town and they came for a day out. A higher percentage of people visit Blackpool frequently than they do to Lytham (graph Q3). This could be because people were on a day out to Lytham, as opposed to regular shoppers to Blackpool so I didnt predict this. This is linked to distance travelled, as people are unlikely to visit a place regularly if they live over 10 miles away. The sizes of Graphs Q 1,2,5,6 8, 9 are directly proportional to the square root of the number of services in the centre.

Newspaper analysis by Marx, Durkheim or Weber`s Theories

The issue of in sufficientity has been widely discussed in m either different contexts during various periods of tender-hearted history. The fate of Australian aborigines requires special attention, due to its immensity in the modern Australian gild. As the article Challenge to Improve Aborigines Lot suggests, Australian aborigines phone call that they argon discriminated against and that they do non leave equal rights with other members of Australian society. They state that most of the problems which they atomic number 18 soon facing come from their inequality in the society.They are destined to suffer from high pass judgment of unemployment, racism, shorter life forecast, high mortality treads among children and many other problems. Aborigines claim that they do non stomach equal opportunities with other members of society, and therefore they are not up to(p) to enjoy benefits of Australian society as frequently as other Australians. Theory of knowing theorist Ka rl Marx supports the thesis of Jim Everett, one of the aborigines leaders, concerning the importance of contend for their rights and hitherto establishing an autonomous state of aborigines for their benefit. Karl Marx argued in his theory that dominant section oppresses buy the farming class in the society, which leads to aberration and estrangement of the working class from the matters of its work.An central thesis which supports the main idea of the article is that, jibe to Marx, laws confine been designed to suffice the interests of capitalism and the judgment class of capitalists. Therefore, the laws in Australian society fall in been created to serve the interests of the dominant class and oppress aborigines. As Marx claimed, capitalists are satisfactory to oppress the working class with the help of the laws which exist in the society. E precise adept law which regulates the relations in the society is created in order to further increase the gap amid the ruling class and the working class.Working great deal get poorer and poorer the more they produce because capitalists draw back the surplus value which they create. Laws let capitalists obtain the profits which are originated by companies. Even though working mountain would probably like to transport the law and be cap up to(p) to benefit from the results of their admit work, they are not able to do that because they do not give up enough power. Aborigines would like to change the law in such a way so that they are able to get all of the benefits from the society in the same manner as the ruling class is getting them. Unfortunately, they are not able to do that because the laws in Australian society have been created to serve the interests of the ruling elite.It is possible to regard Marxs views on law in 2 ways from the positively charged perspective, according to which law is created in order to forge subjective interests of the capitalist class, and from the accusative perspect ive. As the positivist approach argues, capitalists have their own subjective perceptions of the society and therefrom the laws are being used in order to put their subjective views on the paper. Capitalists have their views on the ways in which they would like to see the fantasyion they live in.They do their best to hold back that the laws are adopted to regulate the society according to the most favorable pattern for them. It is also possible to get wind Marxs views on law from the objective perspective. harmonise to it, law also serves the interests of capitalists but it appears as the result of the objective process. Capitalists dominate in the society and therefore the trends in legislation which serve their interests are fully objective. It is understandable that legislation needs to reflect the interests of the ruling class, and therefore this process is fully objective.In the case of Australian aborigines inequality analysis, it is necessary to take positivist perspect ive on Marxs understanding of law. Current legislation which exists in Australia was not formed as the result of objective process. Instead, it was imposed on Australian state in order to oppress them. European colonizers arrived in Australia a few centuries ago, and it was very important for them to take care that innate people in Australia followed the laws which were secure for the conquerors. The first steps which were taken by the colonizers included expropriation of lands originally owned by them.The following steps were twain positive and negative. On one hand, colonizers offered natural wellness and educational benefits to the aborigines, which improved their lifestyle. On the other hand, aborigines saw the oppression of their culture. For example, they were not allowed to speak their native run-in in many moorings, and children of aborigines were taken from their families. For Australian indigenous people, their traditions were one of the most important parts of the ir lives, and thus they witnessed deep humiliation as the result of colonizers policy. Aborigines did not need Europeans to dictate them their policy in everything they would much rather prefer to carry out decisions on their own, as they did in previous years.They wanted to move into in the legislative process in the coarse when it comes to their rights and duties. Unfortunately, they never got a chance for that. Australian government still considers itself much more proficient in the aborigines affairs than aborigines themselves, and therefore seeks to regulate their lives according to its principles and ideas.Some changes have been recently made in order to improve the situation, but they are not sufficient in this situation, as Marx would mark. ASTIC, a commission dealing with aborigines rights, was replaced by a more efficient advisory board, the members of which included aborigines themselves. Even though this board is obviously breathing out to be more efficient in address ing aborigines rights, it is not capable to make a radical enough change in the society. The number of problems from which Australian natives are currently suffering is literally overwhelming, and small change in legislation give not be able to minimize their effect significantly.For example, aborigines women are dying at a very early age, and this aim needs to be stopped by radical methods. The expectancy of live of male aborigines is still 21 year shorter than other male Australians. According to statistics, even people in such poor countries as Bangladesh, Nepal and others have higher standards of life and much divulge wellness than Australian aborigines, despite the fact that Australia is currently considered one of the worlds wealthiest nations with good healthcare take.This evidence proves that there is a great meanwhile between the levels of health services which are original by Australian aborigines, in comparison with other Australians. Even though some improvements in health services for Australian indigenous people have been made, according to the evidence of the article, they did not have any major positive effect on the health of the nation. Health is a very important distinction of any nation, and without improving the healthcare outline in Australia, it go away be impossible to achieve any positive changes in the development of native people.The concept of alienation, which has been suggested by Karl Marx, can also be applied to analyze the issues connected with Australian aborigines. According to Marx, in the capitalist society, people are alienated from the results of their work. They are forced to work but unfortunately they are not the ones to take advantage of the results of their work.The owners of the factories, in which employees work, are the ones benefiting from the products which are created by the workers. Marx mentioned many measure that such a society is characterized by alienation because workers are unable to take adv antage of the results of their own work. The society based on the concept of alienation is destined to fail because at some point the relations which have got established in it will stop working.Aborigines do not represent a working class per se, but they do represent an oppressed class which is not able to take advantage from the results of their work. If in the past Australian aborigines were able to use their results of work for their own benefit, the situation changed rapidly after the European colonization began. Indigenous people were estranged from the results of work which they had been doing for centuries. They feel alienated in the new society. As it was mentioned above, laws in the Australian society have been created to serve the interests of the colonizers, and aborigines are therefore left behind in many aspects of life.Even though the government claims that they have equal rights with all of the other members of the society, figures show that the level of life of abo rigines is much lower. These people are forced to suffer from high rate of un-employment and racism, which increase their alienation to an even greater degree. Aborigines state that they are experiencing institutionalized racism in many aspects of their lives, and no steps have been taken by the government to bring it to an end. The policy of welfare is also not fit to address aborigines rights.Many recommendations could be given to the Australian decision-makers in order to improve the situation with aborigines in the country. Karl Marx would claim that radical change will need to take place in Australian society in order to bring it to equilibrium. In his theory, Marx argued that all of the characteristic features of the capitalist production created a solid basis for the conflicts between social classes of capitalists and workers. According to Marx, the developing of workers provided on all levels of production, their estrangement from the results of work all were the reasons of the inevitable changes in the future day.The fact that surplus value was obtained by the capitalist was also one of the arguments for the future change in the structure. The class of workers complete that the results of their work were taken by the capitalist even though they were the ones who actually created the value. The dialectics argues that contradictions are the driving force of progress. formerly contradictions appear in some system, the system will need to undergo many changes and develop until the new level in which the synthesis of new qualities will be finally reached. Therefore, as it was befittingly noticed by Marx, the kind of capitalism could not be completely over- it would just develop until its new phase socialism and the most positive features of twain systems would be present in the final synthesis of the two systems. In case of Australian society, the law of dialectics would assure that aborigines eventually occupied a decent place in the society.In or der to achieve that, Karl Marx would suggest applying one of his favorite concepts- re-education. All of the aborigines would have to be re-educated for them to be able to occupy all of the high-paying jobs along with other Australians. As the result of increased earnings, aborigines would be able to spend more money on healthcare and thus increase life expectancy and health of their race. Unemployment among indigenous people would rapidly decrease because more and more aborigines would be able to occupy positions in various spheres. Domestic violence and crime would wane as the result of improved education and level of life.In conclusion, it is necessary to mark that Karl Marxs theory is very applicable for the analysis of the situation with aborigines in Australia. Even though Karl Marx did not ponder over the issues of Australian aborigines, his concepts can be very helpful in the analysis of the phenomenon and creation of recommendations to improve the level of life of aborigin es.Bibliography.Altschuler, R. (2000), The Living Legacy of Marx, Durkheim and Weber Applications and Analyses of Classical sociological Theory by Modern brotherly Scientists. Gordian Knot Books, USA. Eastman Max, Marx Karl (1959). Capital, the Communist Manifesto and early(a) Writings. The Modern Library. Fromm, Erich 91966). Marxs Concept of Man. New York Frederick Ungar. Giddens, Anthony (1971). Capitalism and Modern Social Theory An Analysis of the Writings of Marx, Durkheim and Max Weber. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. Kivisto, P. (2004), lighten Social Life Classical and coeval Theory Revisited, 3rd ed., Pine Forge, Thousand Oaks. Peterson G. Paul. (1994), Karl Marx and His Vision of Salvation The Natural Law and Private Property. Review of Social Economy. Volume 52. Issue 3. Ritzer, G. (1992), Classical Sociological theory. NY McGraw Hill. Schlatter, Richard (1951). Private Property. London, UK George Allen & Unwin.Newspaper analysis by Marx, Durkheim or Webers Th eoriesNewspaper analysis by Marx, Durkheim or Webers Theories.The issue of inequality has been widely discussed in many different contexts during various periods of human history. The fate of Australian aborigines requires special attention, due to its importance in the modern Australian society. As the article Challenge to Improve Aborigines Lot suggests, Australian aborigines claim that they are discriminated against and that they do not have equal rights with other members of Australian society. They state that most of the problems which they are currently facing come from their inequality in the society. They are destined to suffer from high rates of unemployment, racism, shorter life expectancy, high mortality rates among children and many other problems.Aborigines claim that they do not have equal opportunities with other members of society, and therefore they are not able to enjoy benefits of Australian society as much as other Australians. Theory of sagacious theorist Karl M arx supports the thesis of Jim Everett, one of the aborigines leaders, concerning the importance of fighting for their rights and even establishing an autonomous state of aborigines for their benefit. Karl Marx argued in his theory that dominant class oppresses working class in the society, which leads to alienation and estrangement of the working class from the results of its work.An important thesis which supports the main idea of the article is that, according to Marx, laws have been designed to serve the interests of capitalism and the ruling class of capitalists. Therefore, the laws in Australian society have been created to serve the interests of the dominant class and oppress aborigines. As Marx claimed, capitalists are able to oppress the working class with the help of the laws which exist in the society. Every single law which regulates the relations in the society is created in order to further increase the gap between the ruling class and the working class. Working people get poorer and poorer the more they produce because capitalists take the surplus value which they create.Laws let capitalists obtain the profits which are originated by companies. Even though working people would probably like to change the law and be capable to benefit from the results of their own work, they are not able to do that because they do not have enough power. Aborigines would like to change the law in such a way so that they are able to get all of the benefits from the society in the same manner as the ruling class is getting them. Unfortunately, they are not able to do that because the laws in Australian society have been created to serve the interests of the ruling elite.It is possible to regard Marxs views on law in 2 ways from the positivist perspective, according to which law is created in order to reflect subjective interests of the capitalist class, and from the objective perspective. As the positivist approach argues, capitalists have their own subjective perce ptions of the society and thus the laws are being used in order to put their subjective views on the paper. Capitalists have their views on the ways in which they would like to see the world they live in. They do their best to ensure that the laws are adopted to regulate the society according to the most favorable pattern for them. It is also possible to interpret Marxs views on law from the objective perspective. According to it, law also serves the interests of capitalists but it appears as the result of the objective process. Capitalists dominate in the society and therefore the trends in legislation which serve their interests are fully objective. It is understandable that legislation needs to reflect the interests of the ruling class, and therefore this process is fully objective.In the case of Australian aborigines inequality analysis, it is necessary to take positivist perspective on Marxs understanding of law. Current legislation which exists in Australia was not formed as t he result of objective process. Instead, it was imposed on Australian people in order to oppress them. European colonizers arrived in Australia a few centuries ago, and it was very important for them to ensure that indigenous people in Australia followed the laws which were beneficial for the conquerors. The first steps which were taken by the colonizers included expropriation of lands originally owned by them. The following steps were both positive and negative. On one hand, colonizers offered new health and educational benefits to the aborigines, which improved their lifestyle.On the other hand, aborigines saw the oppression of their culture. For example, they were not allowed to speak their native language in many situations, and children of aborigines were taken from their families. For Australian indigenous people, their traditions were one of the most important parts of their lives, and thus they witnessed deep humiliation as the result of colonizers policy. Aborigines did not need Europeans to dictate them their policy in everything they would much rather prefer to carry out decisions on their own, as they did in previous years. They wanted to participate in the legislative process in the country when it comes to their rights and duties. Unfortunately, they never got a chance for that. Australian government still considers itself much more proficient in the aborigines affairs than aborigines themselves, and therefore seeks to regulate their lives according to its principles and ideas.Some changes have been recently made in order to improve the situation, but they are not sufficient in this situation, as Marx would mark. ASTIC, a commission dealing with aborigines rights, was replaced by a more efficient advisory board, the members of which included aborigines themselves. Even though this board is obviously going to be more efficient in addressing aborigines rights, it is not capable to make a radical enough change in the society. The number of problems from which Australian natives are currently suffering is literally overwhelming, and small change in legislation will not be able to minimize their effect significantly.For example, aborigines women are dying at a very early age, and this tendency needs to be stopped by radical methods. The expectancy of live of male aborigines is still 21 year shorter than other male Australians. According to statistics, even people in such poor countries as Bangladesh, Nepal and others have higher standards of life and much better health than Australian aborigines, despite the fact that Australia is currently considered one of the worlds wealthiest nations with good healthcare level.This evidence proves that there is a great lag between the levels of health services which are received by Australian aborigines, in comparison with other Australians. Even though some improvements in health services for Australian indigenous people have been made, according to the evidence of the article, they did not have any major positive effect on the health of the nation. Health is a very important characteristic of any nation, and without improving the healthcare system in Australia, it will be impossible to achieve any positive changes in the development of native people.The concept of alienation, which has been suggested by Karl Marx, can also be applied to analyze the issues connected with Australian aborigines. According to Marx, in the capitalist society, people are estranged from the results of their work. They are forced to work but unfortunately they are not the ones to take advantage of the results of their work. The owners of the factories, in which employees work, are the ones benefiting from the products which are created by the workers. Marx mentioned many times that such a society is characterized by alienation because workers are unable to take advantage of the results of their own work. The society based on the concept of alienation is destined to fail because at some point the relations which have got established in it will stop working.Aborigines do not represent a working class per se, but they do represent an oppressed class which is not able to take advantage from the results of their work. If in the past Australian aborigines were able to use their results of work for their own benefit, the situation changed rapidly after the European colonization began. Indigenous people were estranged from the results of work which they had been doing for centuries. They feel alienated in the new society. As it was mentioned above, laws in the Australian society have been created to serve the interests of the colonizers, and aborigines are therefore left behind in many aspects of life. Even though the government claims that they have equal rights with all of the other members of the society, figures show that the level of life of aborigines is much lower.These people are forced to suffer from high rate of un-employment and racism, which increase their alienati on to an even greater degree. Aborigines state that they are experiencing institutionalized racism in many aspects of their lives, and no steps have been taken by the government to bring it to an end. The policy of welfare is also not fit to address aborigines rights.Many recommendations could be given to the Australian decision-makers in order to improve the situation with aborigines in the country. Karl Marx would claim that radical change will need to take place in Australian society in order to bring it to equilibrium. In his theory, Marx argued that all of the characteristic features of the capitalist production created a solid basis for the conflicts between social classes of capitalists and workers. According to Marx, the exploitation of workers provided on all levels of production, their estrangement from the results of work all were the reasons of the inevitable changes in the future. The fact that surplus value was obtained by the capitalist was also one of the arguments f or the future change in the structure.The class of workers realized that the results of their work were taken by the capitalist even though they were the ones who actually created the value. The dialectics argues that contradictions are the driving force of progress. Once contradictions appear in some system, the system will need to undergo many changes and develop until the new level in which the synthesis of new qualities will be finally reached. Therefore, as it was correctly noticed by Marx, the phase of capitalism could not be completely over- it would just develop until its new phase socialism and the most positive features of both systems would be present in the final synthesis of the two systems. In case of Australian society, the law of dialectics would ensure that aborigines eventually occupied a decent place in the society.In order to achieve that, Karl Marx would suggest applying one of his favorite concepts- re-education. All of the aborigines would have to be re-educat ed for them to be able to occupy all of the high-paying jobs along with other Australians. As the result of increased earnings, aborigines would be able to spend more money on healthcare and thus increase life expectancy and health of their race. Unemployment among indigenous people would rapidly decrease because more and more aborigines would be able to occupy positions in various spheres. Domestic violence and crime would wane as the result of improved education and level of life.In conclusion, it is necessary to mark that Karl Marxs theory is very applicable for the analysis of the situation with aborigines in Australia. Even though Karl Marx did not ponder over the issues of Australian aborigines, his concepts can be very helpful in the analysis of the phenomenon and creation of recommendations to improve the level of life of aborigines.Bibliography.Altschuler, R. (2000), The Living Legacy of Marx, Durkheim and Weber Applications and Analyses of Classical Sociological Theory by Modern Social Scientists. Gordian Knot Books, USA. Eastman Max, Marx Karl (1959). Capital, the Communist Manifesto and Other Writings. The Modern Library. Fromm, Erich 91966). Marxs Concept of Man. New York Frederick Ungar. Giddens, Anthony (1971). Capitalism and Modern Social Theory An Analysis of the Writings of Marx, Durkheim and Max Weber. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. Kivisto, P. (2004), Illuminating Social Life Classical and Contemporary Theory Revisited, 3rd ed., Pine Forge, Thousand Oaks. Peterson G. Paul. (1994), Karl Marx and His Vision of Salvation The Natural Law and Private Property. Review of Social Economy. Volume 52. Issue 3. Ritzer, G. (1992), Classical Sociological theory. NY McGraw Hill. Schlatter, Richard (1951). Private Property. London, UK George Allen & Unwin.

Promoting Health Internationally Essay

Developing countries are beset with health crises to a greater extent than their more causeed counterparts. The lack of resources and the presence of legion(predicate) demanding unavoidably causes the insufficient allocation of such resources for the addressing of health issues. In other countries, there is simply no technology to produce the necessary cures for the bigger diseases besetting their populations. Whereas in more developed countries with greater storehouse of resources there is a greater capacity to address health occupations, particularly with a more developed technical platform to work from.Not only this, only when growth countries have a marked decline in addressing sanitation concerns thus making for environments more prone to diseases caused by bacteria, worms, and viruses.1 With more hygienic living conditions, this is not the observed case in create countries. Thus, a combination of non-hygienic conditions and low access to healthcare creates atmospheres for developing nations making them more prone to experiencing severe health problems.The first concern regarding health problems in developing countries is the possibility of a disease to develop which is easily transmittable from person to person. The fear of infectious diseases, particularly the fear of such diseases ca development a pandemic, has had significant impact on the manner in which the world-wide community addresses worldwide health problems. supranational agencies have come up with surveillance systems to enable member countries to report incidents of infectious diseases and to better conform to non- strikeed nations against contamination.2 The mechanism of report requires member nations to define the nature and extent of infection of the disease. This is not particularly attractive to infected nations as the reporting of diseases would adversely affect the economy of the s countenance country. With a fear of infection, foreign investors would lower their rates of i mportation. This would serve to lower the economic growth of the said country. Not only this, further tourists would be fearful of visiting said foreign country and income from such investments would also decline. The stigma against the affected country would translate to a decline in the status of their economy. It is in this regard that health issues of individual nations affect the global view on health. The slightest change in the ability of individual countries to provide elementary resources or to contribute to the global economy would affect all other countries as a result of global interconnectedness.3 The dependence of nations, one to the other, cannot sire the devolution of production of goods in any one nation. Apart from moral responsibilities, this is the weightiest argument to a global perspective on health promotion. The global food market favors the ensuring of wealthier nations that less affluent nations go forth be able to participate fully in the global trade of goods. What is not considered in this model are non-infectious diseases plaguing the developing countries around the globe. There is little incentive for global agencies to address such problems since there is no showing that the same would affect citizens of foreign nations. Although the argument for providing aid for the same due to global trade considerations still stands, there is little to no initiative from private drug companies. The primary aim of such companies cosmos profit, they are not drawn by the clamor for lower prices required in developing countries.Thus, the trend remains for drug companies to produce drugs and cures that will swear out the needs of developed countries whom they can charge higher prices for the products and services they offer. Diseases plaguing impoverished nations such as malaria, AIDS, tuberculosis and the like are given little care although they may present greater threats than hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. This is an unfortun ate as developed nations should take it upon themselves to promote health in developing nations as well.The internationalistic community would benefit to a greater extent with the improvement of all component nations. The nations in the international community should not only consider heavy(p) aid to developing nations when the diseases may spread into their own local anaestheticities but horizontal so when the diseases may be contained domestically. The interest then should not be for global regulation of domestic plagues but it should be for international interest in holistic global health. Although drug companies refuse to focus on tell the needs of the major diseases in impoverished nations this is not to say that no organized action is being undertaken for the same. Certainly there are individuals and groups who recognize the importance of promoting health on a global scale.The World Health Organization, for example has collaborated with large pharmaceutical companies in o rder to bring drugs for the cure of prevalent diseases into levels of access for developing nations.4 The proposed plan is to decrease drug prices for developing nations, if the free delivery of the same is not probable, by increasing prices in affluent countries. Such a intrigue would permit the subsidization of drugs by developed countries. There would thus be an equitable division of required resources in order to gain access of gettable cures in the market.There has also been an observed trend in scientific laboratories. Scientists capable of performing research investigating cures for diseases of poverty have shown greater sway for the same. Funding may be an issue in the matter however, more and more charities are focusing on the aim of global health and even domestic governments are supporting the bid for finding cures for large health issues.Not only this, but movements have been made to have pharmaceutical companies assign the process of production if the matter of mark eting drugs at a no-profit price is not possible. Local governments or corporations could then work on producing their own drugs using the process and information shared by foreign corporations. These matters are currently being pushed by advocates worldwide.However, the international community still has much ground to cover. The problem of international health is still a major issue receiving small priority in the global scale. The problem of politicking and bureaucracy hinders advances that could be made in this field. Thus, in order to more aptly answer the problem, local policies should first be reshaped and made to realize the importance of health in the governmental platform. Furthermore, local governments should not limit themselves to addressing only their own separate needs. Garrett aptly captures the issueTactically, all aspects of prevention and treatment should be part of an integrated effort, drawing from countries mortal pools of health talent to tackle all monsters a t once, rather than dueling separately with individual dragons. 5Given limited resources, in the international sense as well as in the domestic, the pooling of these same resources is the best solution to the problem of both global and local health. The vision of individual nations should be enhanced to not only address their own problems but they should start to realize the relevance in investing in a global perspective in answering health issues. Certainly, with a view of the same, advances will be made not only for short term goals of fending off singular diseases in certain nations but more so the long term goal of eradicating debilitating diseases that could potentially reappear in similar conditions or in evolved forms.The answer then is to relieve oneself internationally for the problem of global health as the strengthening of individual platforms in individual nations will address the root issue of recurring conditions. This will serve not only to strengthen the global heal th system but even other sectors of concern such as trade and global relations as more and more countries invest in programs reflecting amity and gratuity.BIBILIOGRAPHYCheck, Erika,Quest for the Cure, Foreign Policy, (2006) 28-36.Garrett, Laurie, The Challenge of global Health, Foreign Affairs 86(1), (2007) 14-38.Naim, Moises and Brundtland, Gro Harlem, The FP Interview The Global War for Public Health, Foreign Policy 128, (2002) 24-36.Osterholm, Michael T., Unprepared for a Pandemic, Foreign Affairs 86(2), (2007) 47-57.Zacher, Mark W., Global Epidemiological Surveillance, in Inge Kaw, Isabelle Grunberg, and Marc A. Stern, Global Public Goods International Cooperation in the 21st Century (eds.), (1999), NY UNAP.

Paikea’s Determination to Become the Chief

Paikeas Determination to Become the Chief Whale Rider by Niki Caro is a story about a 12 year old girl who is the true heir to be chief of the tribe but her grand overprotect, following Maori traditions, believes that the role of chief is to be the first innate(p) son of the chief only. passim the movie, Paikea is determined to prove that she is the true heir and can be the chief of the tribe. This movie shows how she struggles to get her grandfathers panegyric due to his beliefs and the tribes tradition which dates back to ancient times.By the fetch up of the story he realizes that Pai is the one and only heir to be chief of the tribe. Throughout the story Paikea must prove to her grandfather that she has courage, determination, and that she has the ability to lead the people of the tribe. Pai cares about her tribe, their culture, and their traditions. Although she is only twelve years old, Pai shows leadership abilities and she is always right by her grandfathers side. She wants to learn the traditions, so if her dreams of becoming the chief work out, she can pass them on to the rest of the tribe and be a approximate leader.Paikea is trying to show that she is a strong, courageous girl and she can be a right(a) chief. One side of her wants to prove to her grandfather she can be chief and she wants him to love her even though she is a girl, and the other half wants to prove that a girl can be just as hefty of a leader as a boy. Paikea shows courage because even though her grandfather has his disbeliefs in her and being the chief, she does whatever it takes to prove to him that she was just as good as any boy in the tribe. Paikea is very determined to learn the ways of her people.She looks through the windows and into the kinspersonroom where her grandfather is teaching the boys how to fight since she is non allowed to put down and learn with them. She asks her uncle to teach her how fight like the boys, and soon she becomes very good at fighting and ca n say some chants that only boys are supposititious to know. Although her grandfather does not want Pai to learn and know any of the male traditions of the tribe, learns them, and is better than the boys. She is determined to prove to her grandfather that she can be the chief and be better at it than any boy in the tribe can.At the end of the movie Paikea rides the whale out to sea her grandmother gives the whales tooth to Koro that Pai retrieved from the lake when none of the boys could get it. subsequently these two important events, he now knows that Paikea has the courage, determination, and the ability to become the chief of the tribe. Paikea inspires her uncle to teach her the taiaha, a stick used for fighting. Women were forbidden to board a waka, a fighting ship of the Maori tribe, and Paikea is able to sit in her dads waka with Koro at her side and she leads them off in a chant.As the waka leaves all the villagers gather roughly the beach with excitement and perform a ri tual ceremony as the waka heads out to sea celebrating the new heir to the chief. None of this would have been possible had Pai not fought traditions and had the determination to become the leader of the tribe Throughout the movie Whale Rider, Paikea has many struggles although she didnt know them she lost her mother and brother when she was first born, her father moving to Germany because he is not able to care for her, and her trying to get her grandfathers approval.Though she has these struggles she is still determined to prove to that she has what it takes to become chief of the tribe. Paikea is an excite young girl, she helps her uncle become a better person and she makes her family and the people of the tribe very happy by proving she has the courage to save the whales when her grandfather failed. By the end of the movie Paikeas grandfather finally accepts the fact that she is the chief when her grandmother gives him the necklace of the with the whales tooth, which Paikea ret rieved when none of the boys in her grandfathers fighting class could do it.

Fdi in retail in india

As India has liberalized its single brand sell industry to permit 100 pct foreign investment, we take a look at the regulatory issues and legal structures pertinent to establishing operations In this new dynamic market. That India should be well on the radar for foreign retailers was late supported by A. T. Kearney, whose 2011 Global Retail Development Index ranks the nation as fourth globally. Indias retail industry is estimated to be worth approximately USS411. 8 billion and is still growing, gestateed to reach USS804. 06 billion in 2015. As part of the economic liberalization process set in place by the Industrial Policy of 1 991 , the Indian regimen has opened the retail sector to FDI slowly through a series of steps The Indian government removed the 51 percentage cap on FDI into single-brand retail outlets in December 2011, and opened the market fully to foreign investors by permitting 100 percent foreign investment In this area.It has also made well-nigh, albeit speciali seed, progress In allowing multi-brand retalllng, which has so far been prohibited In India. At present, this Is restricted to 49 percent foreign equity partlclpatlon. The specter of large supermarket brands displacing traditional Indian mom-and-pop stores is a hot political issue in India, and the progress and development of the newly liberalized single-brand retail industry will be watched with some keen eyes as jobs further possible liberalization in the multi-brand sector.In this article, we discuss the policy developments for FDI in these ii retail categories, with a guidance on the details of the multi-brand retail FDI discussion paper and related policy developments. FDI In single-brand retail While the precise essence of single-brand retail has not been clearly defined In any Indian government circular or notification, single-brand retail universally refers to the selling of goods under a single brand name. Up to 100 percent FDI is permissible in single-brand retail, su bject to the Foreign Investment advancement Board (FIPB) sanctions and conditions mentioned in Press mark 38.These conditions stipulate that sole(prenominal) single-brand products are sold (i. e. sale of multi-brand goods is not allowed, even if produced by the same manufacturer) Products are sold under the same brand internationally Single-brand products Include just those Identified during manufacturing every dditional product categories to be sold under single-brand retail must first receive additive government benediction FDI In slngle-orana retall Implles tnat a retall store wltn Torelgn Investment can only sell one brand.For example, if Adidas were to obtain permission to retail its flagship brand in India, those retail outlets could only sell products under the Adidas brand. For Adidas to sell products under the Reebok brand, which it owns, enlighten government permission is require and (if permission is granted) Reebok products must then be sold in separate retail ou tlets. FDI in multi-brand retail While the government of India has also not clearly defined the term multi-brand retail, FDI in multi-brand retail generally refers to selling ninefold brands under one roof.Currently, this sector is limited to a supreme of 49 percent foreign equity participation. In July 2010, the Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (DIPP) and the Ministry of Commerce circulated a discussion paper on allowing FDI in multi-brand retail. The Committee of Secretaries, light-emitting diode by cabinet Secretary Alit Seth, recommended opening the retail sector for FDI with a 51 percent cap on FDI, inimum investment of IJS$IOO million and a mandatory 50 percent capital reinvestment into backend operations.Notably, the paper does not put former any upper limit on FDI in multi-brand retail. Immediately following the release of this discussion paper, the shares of a number of retail companies in India grew domestic retail giant, Pantaloon Retail gained 7 percent on the same day, while Shoppers Stop, an Indian department store chain and emerging retailer, gained 2. 9 percent. The hanker-awaited scheme has been sent to the Cabinet for approval, but no decision has yet been made.There appears to be a broad consensus within the Committee of Secretaries that a 51 percent cap on FDI in multi-brand retail is acceptable. Meanwhile the Department of Consumer Affairs has supported the case for a 49 percent cap and the Small and Medium Enterprises Ministry has said the government should limit FDI in multi-brand retail to 18 percent. In terms of location, the proposed scheme allows investment in towns with populations of at least 10 lakh (1 million), while retailers with large dummy requirements may also be allowed to open shop within a 10 kilometer radius of such cities.Our view is that while we do expect further liberalization towards foreign investment in the multi-brand sector, this is highly unlikely to be gazetted until after the next elections , due to be neckd towards the end of 2012. Any additional liberalization of this market will therefore depend on the political make-up of the next government. Government safety valves on FDI There is concern about the competition presented to domestic competitors and the monopollzatlon 0T tne oomestlc market Dy large Internatlonal retall glan ts.Ine Inalan government feels that FDI in multi-brand retailing must be dealt with cautiously, iven the large potential scale and societal push. As such, the government is considering safety valves for calibrating FDI in the sector. For example A stipulated percentage of FDI in the sector could be required to be spent on make back-end infrastructure, logistics or agro-processing units in order to ensure that the foreign investors make a genuine contribution to the development of infrastructure and logistics.At least 50 percent of the Jobs in the retail outlet could be reserved for rural youth and a certain amount of farm produce could be r equired to be procured from sorry farmers. A minimum percentage of manufactured products could be required to be sourced from the SME sector in India. To ensure that the public distribution system and the Indian nutrition security system, is not weakened, the government may reserve the right to procure a certain amount of food grains.To protect the interest of small retailers, an sole(prenominal) regulatory framework to ensure that the retailing giants do not resort to predatory pricing or acquire monopolistic tendencies. Benefits of FDI in multi-brand retail high-flown inflation is one of the driving motives behind this move towards multi-brand etail. Allowing international retailers such as Wal-Mart and Carrefour, which slang already set up wholesale operations in the country, to set up multi-brand retails stores will assist in keeping food and commodity prices under control.Moreover, industry experts feel allowing FDI will cut waste, as salient players will build backend in frastructure. FDI in multi-brand retail would also help narrow the current account deficit. Additional benefits include moving away from an industry focus on intermediaries and Job creation. Moving away from intermediary-only benefits There is broad agreement on the need to improve efficiencies in the household trade of consumer goods. Competent vigilance practices and economies of scale, joined with the acceptance of global best practices and modern technology, could immensely recover systemic competence.Like their foreign counterparts, Indian customers are entitled to receive quality products, produced, processed and handled under a hygienic environment through professionally-managed outlets. Speculative apprehensions that small retailers will be adversely affected are not reason becoming to deny millions of consumers access to roducts that meet global standards. Furthermore, todays intermediaries amid producers and customers add no value to tne products, aaalng nugely to Tlnal costs Instead.By tne time products Tilter tnrougn various intermediaries and into the marketplace, they lose freshness and quality, and often go to waste. However, intermediaries realise huge profits by distributing these losses between producers and customers by buying products at low prices from producers, but selling at extremely marked-up prices to consumers. In an unbalanced system that incorporates multiple intermediaries simply for logistics, nly intermediaries benefit.With organized retail, every intermediate step procurement, processing, transport and delivery adds value to the product. This happens because it uses international best practices and modern technology, ensuring maximum efficiency and minimum waste. Organized retail enables on-site processing, scientific handling and quick transport through cold storage chains to the final consumer. at once modern retailers introduce an organized model, other vendors, including small retailers, would mechanically copy this model to improve efficiencies, boost margins and stay in business.Organized retail would thereby give more stability to prices, unlike the present system where hoarding and artificial shortages by profiteering intermediaries push up product prices. Job creation Despite predictions from some analysts that millions of Jobs would be lost due to FDI in retail, it may in fact be the other way around. With the entry of branded retailers, the market will increase, creating additional employment in retail and other tertiary sectors. Given their professional approach, organized retailers will allot some quantity of resources towards the training and development of the resources they mploy.This impression of branded retailing can already be seen with the Bharti-Wal-Mart collaboration, which has Joined forces with state governments to open training and development centers in Amritsar, Delhi and Bangalore, preparing local youth for Jobs in retail. cooking is entirely free and more than 5,60 0 local youth have already been trained. Retail Jobs dont require higher education or highly specialized abilities. No threat to kiranas (mom-and-pop stores) The Indian retail industry is generally divided into organized and unformed retailing Organized retailingOrganized retailing refers to trading activities undertaken by licensed retailers, those who have registered for sales tax, income tax, etc. These include corporate-backed hypermarkets and retail chains, and also privately-owned large retail businesses. Unorganized retailing Unorganized retailing refers to the traditional forms of low-cost retailing, for example, local Klrana snops, owner-operated general stores, paan/Dee01 snops, convenlence stores, hand cart and street vendors, etc.The question of whether or not organized and unorganized retailing can peacefully co-exist is a primary concern. While the Indian retail sector is still heavily weighted towards unorganized retailers, which occupy 97 percent of the market, orga nized retail is growing quickly. But with a real 7 percent of the market, organized retailers are unlikely to drive kiranas (local grocery stores) out of business. Indian retailers simply lack the deep pockets and in-depth field expertise required to be on a par with global models.However, the presence of foreign retailers through Joint ventures and other means could speed up the process of transforming Indias retail trade. Considering that small stores offer customers quick doorstep delivery and even credit xtensions conveniences that no organized retailer in India has so far matched local, unorganized retailers will likely retain a sizeable market share. The example of China demonstrates clearly that increased FDI in retailing does not necessitate the complete closure of local retailers.China first allowed FDI in retail in 1992, capping it at 26 percent, while India capped FDI in single-brand retail at 26 percent. Only in 2004 did China finally permit 100 percent FDI and local Chinese grocery stores have since grown from 1. 9 million to more than 2. 5 million. Organized etail has Just 20 percent market penetration in China, despite a 20 year lapse since the initial introduction of FDI. jibe to the proposed state regulations, the minimum FDI would be IJS$IOO million and retail stores would only be allowed in cities with more than one million people.Front-end operations would be allowed only in states that agree to authorize FDI in multi-brand retail. It will also be mandatory for retailers to source at least 30 percent of the value of manufactured goods, interdict food products, from small and medium-sized, local enterprises. Such terms will serve as ample safeguards for small retailers. Farmers and small producers will benefit in the long run from better prices for their products and produce, while consumers receive higher quality products at lower prices, along with better service.The advantages outweigh the disadvantages of allowing unrestrained FDI i n the retail sector, as successful experiments in countries like Thailand and China demonstrate. In both countries, the issue of allowing FDI in the retail sector was first met with incessant protests, but allowing such FDI led to GDP growth and a rise in the level of employment. Moreover, in the fierce battle between the advocates and opponents of unrestrained FDI flows in the Indian retail sector, the impact of the consumer on the outcome of these policy changes has been largely disregarded.Consumers will ultimately respond to the incentives of convenience, price, variety and service. Thus, the Interests 0T tnose In tne unorganlzea retall sector will not De gravely unaermlnea rather, the choice to haggle a mega shopping complex or a small retailer/sabimandi is purely left to the consumer, whose tastes are complex and constantly changing.

The Performance Evaluation and Bonus

Perhaps one of the most challenging aspects of managing a company is to provide a public presentation evaluation technique that does not frighten employees. The fear in my organization, among those marginal performers, is that the evaluation may fartheste their being fired. One of the most controversial tools for boosting performance is ranking employees and dismissing the laggards. Proponents argue that the practice stretches star employees(Marchetti 2005 16). Those at the bottom of the performance scale tend not to be as motivated as they readiness be, simply because the fear of being poorly evaluated stifles their determination to improve.While there are many companies which mechani bellowy provide a cost of living raise to their employees (sometimes due to labor contracts), the idea of providing bonuses or be awards also can cause some serious bothers, and such merit raises often cause more than conflict within a business than they solve in the way of increased productiv ity and/or efficiency. Here is one authors proof Its wrap up that employers compensation systems arent making the grade. Only 10 percent of organizations discover their merit pay programs as very effective, according to an employee attitude survey conducted in 2002 of 335 companies by convert Insight (the research and survey arm of Philadelphia-based HR consulting firm The Hay Group), WorldatWork and Loyola University of Chicago (Wells 2005 76).One problem with many businesses today is that management is too lenient, too worried about hurting someones feelings. In todays militant world, where every worker must pull his weight or make way for someone who can, such leniency may be costly. Wells (2005) suggests something called tough love.By contrast, adoptingand enforcingthe get-tough approach to merit pay has clear advantages It doesnt waste increasingly precious salary-budget dollars, it sends the right message that improvement is imperative, and it doesnt fund under-performers a t the expense of high-performing employees (Wells 2005 78).In my particular organization, the idea of performance evaluation and some sort of bonus or merit award is now no longer strictly limited to the assoil performers. It is the middle level, what some tend to call B performers that have some stake in the companys bottom store. Again, here is some proof of that Midlevel performers succeed when they know theyve got something to work towardand youve got to give that to them. In fact, 52 percent of respondents who qualify for incentive programs at their companieswhich typically reward the top 10 percent of workersfeel they have only somewhat or no chance of winning an award. This is far from motivating. Your B-players have a significant effect on your bottom line, says Rodger Stotz, frailness president and managing consultant for Maritz Inc. Youll always have a top five percent, but those rewards dont move the middle (Galea 2005 9).What is need to ease the pain and strain of p erformance evaluation and resultant merit increases or bonuses is the fact that top management must now set specific targets and goals, by the month, by the quarter, by six months, annually, and yet provides some projections for one, two and five years into the future. With such goals specifically outlined, employees- whether on a production line or white collar, now know exactly what is required of them.To make performance evaluation less(prenominal) painful and more effective requires supervisors to keep track of performance of their section or departments, as wellhead as individual employees. In this way, if someone falls short, there is an opportunity for a one-on-one sermon that may provide both a reason for such a shortfall and a sum of improving performance. This personal oversight by supervisors can go a long way to go on the fear of being discharged as a marginal or low performer, and at the similar time reward what Galea (2005) calls B Performers.Therefore, what will make performance evaluation and compensation tied to it far more effective in my company is to focus on these mid-=level performers as well as providing a means up the ladder for the marginal ones, knowing the top performers will always address to shine. By also stressing teamwork, it becomes the responsibility of everyone within a section or department to make received everyone contributes to reaching the goal.

American football and good sportsmanship Essay

One who plays a sport fairly and loses gracefully is how The Merriam Webster Dictionary defines sportsmanship. What is a sportsman? The definition seems to create chthonicg unrivaled a big change over the categorys. If children follow the example set by straightaways athletes, the definition would equal a huffy loser. High school sports should be a fun way to physically express yourself as an athlete, exclusively at the same time learn some of lifes lessons, homogeneous sportsmanship, discipline, and respect. In todays baseball club, winning comes before alwaysy(prenominal)thing, but if winning requires neglect of dependable sportsmanship, then nonhing is gained in the long run.Sportsmanship matters not only in sports, but also in the rest of our everyday lives. In any competition, whether a job interview, a school science fair, or even a affectionate game of cards with some friends, sportsmanship t to each onees you to win humbly and lose gracefully. Sportsmanship also helps us to understand each other better, because when we get along, we can listen to the other persons perspective, and see where they are plan of attack from, and avoid a naughtiness, possibly violent situation. Almost everyday on the news violence is report at a sporting event, evidence of bad sportsmanship.Without sportsmanship there would be no sports, because no one would want to compete with a person who when they lost, would throw a fit, cry, and whine. Young athletes usually learn sportsmanship from an former(a) person, like a parent, sibling, or, probably the most influential role model, a professional athlete on television. Unfortunately many role models now days are planting the idea of gamesmanship, instead of sportsmanship into the heads of two-year-old athletes. Gamesmanship is commonly known as the art of winning games, pushing the territorial dominions to the limit, and using whatever means, to gain the service over your opponent.Coaches are constantly demons trating how to be a badsportsman. They walk up and down the sidelines screaming at referees, players, and if provoked, the fans. Professional football players should enjoy the game, but dancing in the end zone after every touchdown is not the ideal way for a role model to present themselves. How can children be evaluate to learn good sportsmanship if their role models are telling them to win at all costs or just do what ever it takes (to win)? Athletes and sports- crazed parents should remember that whatever the situation, it is just a game, because without good sportsmanship in activities, the lessons learned lose their value. Michigan State Universitys report, Sportsmanship Building Character or Characters? on the juvenility Sportsman Institute webpage, explains the basic idea of how the role of childrens participation in sports affects their sportsmanship. The report gives examples of how good sportsmen, and bad sportsmen are viewed by society.The Youth Sports Institute says, participation is viewed as a double-edged steel that may have either negative or positive heart and souls on the child(Sportsmanship,1) and that the detailed factor in determining whether the youth sports experience has a positive or negative effect on children is the quality of adult leadership(Sportsmanship, 3). The story Friday Night Lights, written by H. G. Bissinger, gives examples of bad sportsmanship, like the Youth Sportsman Institute suggests. Friday Night Lights is a story about a football-obsessed town in Odessa, Texas.The whole story expresses winning or losing the game as a life or shoemakers last situation. In Odessa, bad sportsmanship isnt just a problem for the athletes it is a town-wide disease. The coaches talk bad so-and-so their players backs, while the fans litter the head coaches yard with for-sale signs, blaming him for losing the big game. The first instance of bad sportsmanship in the story is where Bissinger describes what was said to Boobie Miles duri ng the previous weeks football game. One of the Cooper catamounts players said, Comon, you tough motherfucker, comon lets see how tough you are and you aint nothin but a goddamn pussy In the Youth Sportsman Code, these comments would definitely fall under the making nipping remarks about opponents and the swearing at opponents sections in the unsportsmanlike category. Bad sportsmanship occurs again in Friday Night Lights when the field general throws a bad pass as the last seconds tick off of the game clock. One of his teammates curses him, when the chasten thing to do would be to say something like, good effort, better luck next time. If the team is in a championship game and a star player violates a team sportsmanship rule which requires removal from the game, the rule must be enforced. (Sportsmanship,3) The Youth Sports Institute says to reinforce sportsmanship behaviors and penalize unsportsmanlike behaviors (Sportsmanship,3). The coaches should have disciplined Boobie when he was angry and threw his shoulder pads against the wall, instead of ignoring him. Another example of bad sportsmanship displayed by the Odessa coaching job staff is when they talked bad about Boobie behind his back most of the other members of the Permian football staff in private called him lazy, and stupid, and shiftless, and selfish, and casually called him just another dumb nigger if he couldnt carry that football under his arm. Coaches should always be positive towards their athletes, regardless of their personal opinion. He sat on the bench, his eyes thoroughgoing(a) strait ahead, burning with a mixture of misery and anger as it became clear that the coaches had no designing of playing him tonight, that they were allowing to test his knee out in the meaningless runaways, but not in the games that counted. Boobie hurt his knee earlier in the season, and was not as fast as he was the year before, so the coaches benched him during the games that counted. The sportsmanlike a pproach to this is letting all athletes play regardless of their skill, or past experience.Ideally, society wants everyone to be a good sportsman, but realistically, in the heat of battle, with your adrenaline pumping, you will do what ever it takes to win. Until role models realize that they are role models, and start doing what is right, bad sportsmanship will continue to exist. When you do not have good sportsmanship, you will not have fun when you compete in sporting events. Athletes and fans invite to remember life is not all about sports. If you give it your all, and lose, you should not get mad at yourself it is not the end of the world Go back out there and try harder and maybe you will win next time.