Boy Soldiers in the First World War

A. Plan of Investigation The purpose of this investigation is to evaluate how allowing underage soldiers to fight affected Kitchener’s Army during the First World War. To examine this, the investigation will focus on the increase of soldiers in Britain’s army, and out of those, how many were under the required recruitment age of 18. Also, the increase in casualties that occurred due to inexperienced, underage soldiers will be assessed. Lastly, the social issues that arose due to young boys being allowed on the Western Front will be examined.The investigation will be conducted using a variety of sources, the main source being Boy Soldiers of the Great War by Richard Van Emden, which will be evaluated for it’s origins, purposes, values and limitations. B. Summary of Evidence Increased Enlistment Rates in Kitchener’s Army ?During August of 1914, Britain’s Army had approximately 750,000 men ? Lord Kitchener (Field-Marshall) needed at least another 500,0 00 soldiers to fight in the war. In August 1914, Lord Kitchener started an intense recruitment campaign that used many propaganda posters saying things like â€Å"Your Country Needs You† and â€Å"A Call To Arms† which encouraged many men and youths to enlist. ?By September 1914, over 500,000 men had enlisted to Britain’s Army ? It is approximated that a quarter of those soldiers were under the required recruitment age of eighteen. ?These boys enlisted for many reasons: to fulfill their own patriotism, to join friends who were also enlisting, or to even get away from their own parents. By the end of the war, more than a quarter of a million boy soldiers fought for Britain in World War One. Increased Casualties Due to Inexperienced Underage Soldiers ?Many soldiers would become emotionally and physically unstable when facing the horrors of war, and experience â€Å"shell shock†. ?Especially in underage boys who were not used to witnessing death, soldiers wo uld panic and act hysterically ? Many soldiers who suffered from shell shock would run from the trenches, and be executed for desertion or cowardice. ?Over 300British soldiers were court-martialed and executed by fellow British soldiers ? Young (and old) soldiers resorted to suicide in the trenches, due to shell shock, however the exact number of suicides is not known because it is too hard to track ? Training for all soldiers was a short period of time before heading off to the front lines, and for soldiers under age eighteen, no amount of training could prepare them mentally of physically for trench warfare ? Because of their lack of training, young soldiers were usually not the best soldiers and would be killed easilyIncrease of Social Concern ?Many boy soldiers joined the army without telling their parents, so mothers and fathers were very worried, and wanted their sons to be sent back home ? Sir Arthur Markham (Liberal MP for Mansfield) was known for fighting throughout the dur ation of World War One, to get the underage soldiers sent back home to their families ? Not only were the parents of the young boys concerned, but people in general were hearing gruesome stories of war, and were upset that boys as young as fourteen were involved D. AnalysisDuring World War One, over 8 million brave soldiers fought for Britain, all of them at various ages and stages of their lives. During Lord Kitchener’s recruitment campaign in 1914 , thousands of soldiers enlisted for a variety of reasons. Out of these soldiers, more than 250,000 of them were under the age of eighteen . Boy soldiers that had been allowed to enlist affected Kitchener’s Army because of increased recruitment rates, a rise in casualties due to inexperienced, underage soldiers, and a growing social concern about these young boys.By August 1914, Britain’s Army was in desperate need of more men to fight against the Germans . Throughout the same month, the field-marshall at that time, Lord Kitchener, launched a forceful campaign to recruit soldiers by using propaganda posters with phrases like â€Å"Your Country Needs You† and â€Å"A Call To Arms†. This campaign was extremely successful and by September of 1914 the recruitment rates of the army increased significantly. Not only had hundreds of thousands of men enlisted, but boys had been allowed to join as well.These young boys chose to lie about their age and enlist for a variety of reasons: their own sense of patriotism, wanting to follow friends/family into war, pressure from their own cities and towns, and even wanting to get away from austere parents . At this point of World War One, expanding Britain’s Army was the primary goal, not necessarily recruiting the ‘right’ type of soldier. Although these underage men were beneficial to Lord Kitchener’s Army by augmenting the number of combatants, these boys were still extremely young, and had not fathomed the horrors of w ar.After soldiers had officially joined, all men and boys were subject to an exceedingly short period of time dedicated to training , after which they would immediately be sent to the front lines. For soldiers that were as young as 14 years old, no amount of training could prepare them physically or mentally for trench warfare. As a result of this, there was an increase in casualties within Kitchener’s Army because boy soldiers were usually not the best fighters, and would be killed easily. Also, many youths were not used to witnessing death and would experience â€Å"shell shock† in the trenches .One young boy described his experiences in the trenches , saying, â€Å"It was hell, absolute hell. † By not taking the time to verify a soldier’s age, and not allowing for a more extensive training period, Lord Kitchener unknowingly sent these young soldiers to their deaths, deaths that could have been prevented. â€Å"We were doing things we knew nothing abou t. † stated on sixteen-year-old. This â€Å"hell† earlier described would cause soldiers to panic, act hysterically, run from the trenches, or even commit suicide.These unfortunate injuries and deaths demonstrated how Lord Kitchener seemed to favour quantity over quality, which, in a military sense, is a poor idea. These unnecessary casualties affected Kitchener’s Army, not only in a numerical way, but it also produced a great social concern, which, in turn, affected the British Army. Seeing as the required recruitment age was eighteen, a majority of the boy soldiers joined Kitchener’s Army without telling their parents, causing much worry amongst the families of these young boys. The British people’s view on the government and the British Army changed and thought that by allowing nderage boys into the army, â€Å"[Families] have been tricked, deceived, and lied to, in the most scandalous and un-English fashion. † This worry then turned into anger, and families started fighting to get their sons off of the Western Front and back home. This presented a serious issue to the British Army because, according to the enlistment laws, allowing underage soldier’s into the army was against the law, and they had not only numerous upset families writing them letters regarding their sons, but several politicians had started a campaign to bring the young boys home.One of the most well known political leaders of this campaign was liberal MP Sir Arthur Markham who continually questioned Lord Kitchener and the Under Secretary of War what they were going to about these underage boys in the trenches, and insisted that â€Å"no system of enlistment can be satisfactory which allows boys like that to be taken. † By allowing these immature boys to enter into World War One, Kitchener’s Army lost support from his own country, as the general public would not tolerate sending innocent boys into such a harsh environment.

Local and Global Effects of Deforestation Essay

Trees are one of the most important aspects of the plant we live in. Trees are vitally important to the environment, animals and mostly us humans. So deforesting them will cause local and global effects on the environment and therefore harming us as well. They are also important for the climate as they act as filters of carbon dioxide. Forests are known as habitats and shelters of millions of species. However, the trees on our planet are being depleted at very high rates. The deforestation that has taken place due to human activity is as big as 50% of the whole planet. The main causes of deforestation is Ranching, Plantations, Logging, Mining, Road Building, Shifting Cultivations and for other commercial purposes. The destruction of the forests is occurring due to various reasons, one of the main reasons being the short-term economic benefits. Urban Construction is the main reason why large area of land is cleared. This involves cutting down of trees for lumber that is used or buildi ng materials, furniture and paper products which have a major impact on forest life. Forests are cleared to accommodate expanding urban areas. Road building is also included in these developments and one successful link is the Trans-Amazonian highway. This results in loss of forest area and massive deforestation. There are also local causes such as the Agricultural reasons. Forests are also cut down to clear land for growing crops, build farms, ranches and other food growing lands. The process of plantation is one of the causes which increased deforestation rates. It clears a patch of land to grow crops by slash and burn. The patch is then deserted until the soil regains its fertility. While plantation clears land by burning it, Shifting Cultivation still is as bad as Plantations as a large agricultural area is usually used for growing one crop such as bananas, coffee, cocoa and rubber. This process is usually carried out by international and therefore deforestation again is for short-term economic benefits. A main harvest in Brazil is Soybeans. This type of growing brings huge amount of profit towards the government. Even though most of the deforestation is caused for economic reasons there are some local/personal reasons such as Ranching. Large-scale cattle rearing-: because of this farms are huge to ensure there is enough grass to feed cattle. This gives land for cows to graze on. This is a main business as main retailers like McDonalds buy huge amounts of beef from places like the rainforest as they get it for cheap prices. Commercial Purpose for many large companies is another causation of deforestation. Companies clear forest for oil and mining exploitation to make highways and roads. Natural reasons are a big problem as well due to acid rain and wildfires which spread swiftly across large areas of forest land. Forest fires can occur naturally or in most cases are deliberate attempts by man to clear huge deforestation. Most of the time, these forest may recover, but usually the cleared land is used for construction and agricultural purposes. This leads to loss of forest and loss of habitat for the local wildlife. Mining – removal of minerals from the ground e.g. copper, gold and iron ore form large mines require clearing of large forest land. Mining is a legal process but there is illegal logging to use timber for commercial reasons e.g. mahogany has a big market for furniture in MEDCs. In Brazil 80-90% of logging is illegal. The WWF, the worldwide fund (non-government organisation) said that 28% of the EU’s timber imports could be illegal. Therefore there are economic are local reason which causes deforestation.

The List of All U.S Colleges With a Nutrition Major

Nutrition majors study food and the way the body uses it to function and fuel activity. Along with evaluating the ways in which factors like age, sex, and pregnancy affect our digestion, nutritionists strive to use what they’ve learned to help clients lose weight, manage illness, and boost overall health. It’s no secret that America is facing an obesity crisis . As a nutritionist, you’ll have the opportunity to help improve the quality of life of a percentage of the 93.3 million U.S. adults currently suffering from this and other conditions. Read on to learn which colleges and universities offer a nutrition program, along with what it takes to get accepted into this major. Majoring in nutrition offers students the opportunity to change the world — and people’s lives — for the better. Ideal for students with a talent for science and a passion for service, the nutrition field involves helping individuals make better choices with regard to food. As a nutritionist, you’ll have the opportunity to work one on one with clients and provide feedback on their progress. Additionally, you’ll have the chance to speak to schools and businesses, inspiring large groups to make changes. One of the benefits of applying to a nutrition program is that it affords you plenty of career potential. As a nutritionist, you can opt to work on your own or for a larger company, like a school, hospital, or private organization. Additionally, graduates with a bachelor’s degree in nutrition can find employment as food product development scientists, who work to protect the safety, flavor, and health value of various food products. Other jobs for nutrition majors include nutritional therapist, food safety auditor, nutrition educator, and nutrition writer. If you opt to major in nutrition, you’ll also develop knowledge and soft skills that can benefit you in a wide range of fields. Because nutritionists have to create spreadsheets and develop meal plans, individuals in this field tend to boast extensive computer skills. Moreover, nutrition students often excel at researching complex topics and finding ways to convey the information to clients. And of course, nutritionists need to be empathetic and non-judgmental if they hope to help clients achieve better health. ring that the development and production of food items comply with all applicable laws is the task of regulatory affairs specialists. If you want to get accepted into a nutrition program, it pays to start preparing early on in your high school career. Students looking to major in this field can impress admissions committees by taking courses in biology, chemistry, human anatomy, and physiology. If your school offers them, consider studying biochemistry and economics as well. Finally, a psychology background can help nutritionists learn how people think so they become more effective communicators. Extracurriculars can also have an effect on your odds of getting into a nutrition program. Because majoring in nutrition involves a great deal of math and science, students can show their passion and quantitative capacity by joining a Science Olympiad, participating in a math club, or signing up for a robotics team. Additionally, applicants can demonstrate their love of healthy eating by writing for a food blog or taking cooking classes. If you need additional support getting accepted to a nutrition program, the Early Advising Program can help. We pair high school freshmen and sophomores with custom-chosen advisors from top 30 colleges. Whether you need help choosing the right courses or selecting extracurriculars, our mentors will be in your corner. Our goal is to give every student a custom roadmap to achieving their dreams. Estimating your chance of getting into a college is not easy in today’s competitive environment. Thankfully, with our state-of-the-art software and data, we can analyze your academic and extracurricular profile and estimate your chances. Our profile analysis tool can also help you identify the improvement you need to make to enter your dream school. Interested in majoring in nutrition? Here is a complete list of U.S. colleges and universities that offer programs in this field: Arkansas State University | A–State Bowling Green State University | BGSU C.W. Post Campus of Long Island University | LIU Post California Baptist University | CBU California Polytechnic State University | Cal Poly California State University, Long Beach | Long Beach State California State University, Los Angeles | Cal State LA California State University, Sacramento | Sacramento State Central Washington University | CWU Delaware State University | Del State East Tennessee State University | ETSU Farmingdale State College | SUNY Farmingdale Florida International University | FIU Grand Valley State University | GVSU Indiana University Bloomington | Indiana Indiana University of Pennsylvania | IUP Louisiana Tech University | La. Tech Mansfield University of Pennsylvania Metropolitan State University of Denver | MSU Denver Middle Tennessee State University | MTSU Mississippi University for Women | MUW New Jersey Institute of Technology | NJIT North Carolina Central University | NCCU North Carolina State University | NC State Northeastern State University | NSU Northwest Missouri State University Oregon Institute of Technology | Oregon Tech Pennsylvania State University | PSU Point Loma Nazarene University | PLNU Prairie View A&M University | PVAMU Queens College, City University of New York | CUNY QC Rochester Institute of Technology | RIT Rutgers University–New Brunswick | Rutgers Sam Houston State University | SHSU South Carolina State University | SCSU Southern Illinois University Carbondale | SIU Southern Illinois University Edwardsville | SIUE State University of New York at Plattsburgh | SUNY Plattsburgh Stephen F. Austin State University | SFA University of Alaska Anchorage | UAA University of California, Davis | UC Davis University of Central Arkansas | UCA University of Central Oklahoma | UCO University of Hawaii at Manoa | UH Manoa University of Illinois at Chicago | UIC University of Louisiana at Lafayette | UL Lafayette University of Maryland Eastern Shore | UMES University of Maryland, College Park | Maryland University of Massachusetts Amherst | UMass Amherst University of Massachusetts Lowell | UMass Lowell University of Minnesota, Twin Cities | Minnesota University of Mississippi | Ole Miss University of Nebraska–Lincoln | UNL University of Nevada, Las Vegas | UNLV University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill | UNC University of North Carolina at Greensboro | UNC Greensboro University of Southern Indiana | USI University of Southern Mississippi | Southern Miss University of Texas at Austin | UT Austin University of Texas at San Antonio | UTSA University of the District of Columbia | UDC University of the Incarnate Word | UIW University of Wisconsin-Madison | Wisconsin University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee | UWM University of Wisconsin–Stevens Point | UW–Stevens Point University of Wisconsin–Stout | UW–Stout Large public high schools don’t always have the resources needed to help students on their admissions journeys. That’s where comes in. We created our Applications program in an effort to level the playing field by providing all students with the guidance and support they need to achieve their dreams. From helping students identify target, reach, and safety schools to negotiating aid offers, our team offers assistance every step of the way. For more information on our services, call today or contact us online.

Arsenic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Arsenic - Essay Example The methods utilized in preparations of ceria nanoparticles and its coating on nanotubes is also reviewed. History of arsenic in field of chemistry, medicine and technology has been completely overshadowed by its role as poison in various homicides. In today's world extension of its similar role has been widely discussed due to world wide ground water contamination and many times referred as 21st century calamity. High concentration of arsenic has been reported from almost 21 countries and among them Bangladesh and West bengal region of India are considered to be the most affected area and significant amount of population are at risk (1). Arsenic is the 20th most abundant material found in earth crust and its concentration in most of rocks ranges between 0.5 to 2.5 mg/kg. Mobilization of arsenic is contributed by various natural phenomenon which include natural weathering reaction, biochemical mobilization, geochemical and volcanic emission etc. but, at many places excessive mining also contributes for the same. Arsenic exist in various oxidation state in natural environment which includ es -3,,0.+3. and +5. Figure 1 indicates the Eh-pH diagram of arsenic at 25C. Long term exposure to arsenic contaminated drinking water have many medical manifestation which includes skin, lungs, bladder and kidney cancer, change in pigmentation, hyperkeratosis, neurological disorders, muscular weakness loss of appetite and nausea etc. As per the WHO guidelines the permissible arsenic concentration in ground water is 10ppb (0.01mg/l).World wide problem of ground water contamination with arsenic leads to extensive research in area of arsenic remediation in ground water. There are different methodologies developed arsenic removals, which are mainly classified as 1) Chemical processes, 2) Physical processes, 3) Biological processes, and 4) combination of all. Table 1 characterizes the various methodologies applied for arsenic remediation based on their principles. Arsenic pollution of water occurs due to various reasons like the natural leaching of rocks containing arsenic, mining, processing of mineral deposits and a discharge of industrial pollutants. Many techniques as shown in Table 1 are known for arsenic removal and adsorption is one of the main methods for its treatment. Many adsorbents like carbon, rare earth oxides, lanthanium and yttrium impregnated alumina, ion exchange fiber and lanthanium compounds are being known for the removal of arsenic from water(3). The development of nanotechnology and nanosciences has raised the expectation of its crucial role in environmental issues. A variety of nano-materials have been experimented in treatment of environment pollutants like Photocatalytic TiO2 and ZnS for removal of organics. Zerovalent iron (Fe (0)) and bimetallic Fe (0) as effective redox media for in-situ remediation of organics and inorganic pollutant. Among others Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) emerges as one of the most promising agent to be used with other nanomaterials due to its unique mechanical, electrical, optical and thermal properties which takes it one of the most ideal supporting material for nano coatings. Nano

History Reviews Questions Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

History Reviews Questions - Case Study Example According to the report  the adversary denotes the participants in a contest between two equal opponents on trial and the trial usually take place under a formal guidance of the court. Witnesses were occasionally involved to provide their accounts voluntarily or under swearing of an oath. The adversarial system rests its faith in the assumptions that partisan advocacy and manipulation of evident materials coupled with equality can put a judge in the position to determine the truth. The type of system is mostly used in countries with legal misdemeanour such as minor traffic offences.This essay discusses that  the adoption of inquisitorial justice was connected to the use of terror in the trials in that, some of the individuals were able to twist their cases in courts to warrant for a thorough investigative process. While the process of investigation was going on to extort the truth, some of the accusers used to commit terror to disrupt the investigative process. Witchcraft was tri ed in secular courts despite being a spiritual crime; this was perhaps because of the extent of damages it caused in the society. There were beliefs that witchcrafts caused many calamities like sickness, death and other misfortunes. It was these other civil related crimes that made witches be tried in the secular courts. The early official church teaching was that there were no existence of the witches, yet the ancient legal procedures including the inquisition of heretics, mostly the Albigensian and the Waldensians.

The Gender War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Gender War - Essay Example This essay "The Gender War" outlines the battle of the sexes, feminist movement and why the gender war is wrong. Arguably, women have become aggressive and they have progressively taken the role of men in the society. However, as women attempt to rise in the society they have inevitably taken into the foray of men. This is because women think that being feminine is a sign of weakness. The assumption is that what men have rightfully belongs to women. Suffice to say, more and more women have become financially independent and they no longer have to depend on women for their upkeep. As women make foray into the domain of men, the effect is that men no longer have no-where to go. Men no longer have the desire to become self sufficient and possibly raise families in the future. This is due to the fact that women have become independent and they no longer think of men as the sole providers. Fundamentally, all genders are equal and thus there is no ground to discriminate people based on their gender. In most societies, traditional cultures form the basis of gender stereotyping. When children are born, they are raised in a manner that fits the prescribed gender roles. Some societies believe that the men are more important than women and this is reflected in the way that children are raised. Male children are encouraged to participate in masculine games and activities. On the other hand, the female children are taught to play submissive roles that border on motherhood and house- keeping duties. Thus, over time women have felt that men have been given undue advantage in life based on their gender. As the author of War on Me points out, women â€Å"women are angry†. Due to the anger, feminist movements have made it their business to tackle the perceived inequality by asserting their new found freedom in the society. Although it is evident that all genders are equal, it is necessary for the genders to celebrate the inherent differences that make life balanced. It is right for women to seek equal treatment in all respects but they should also appreciate their femininity. The dynamic relationship that portrays women as good and men as bad has created what can be termed as the battle of the sexes. On the receiving end of this battle are men who feel that they do not have

Art and the Artist Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 8750 words

Art and the Artist - Coursework Example It is such an emphasis on individualism that usually lays the ground for a career in the arts and defines an artist's identity along the way. In the US, sponsors of an art enrichment program interviewed children aged 8-11 to explore how children perceive their own development in terms of artistic and creative identities. The answers are instructive and say a great deal about what it takes to develop an artistic identity. The youngest said they chose their subject matter based on what they liked or thought others would like if their artwork were a gift. The 9-year-olds in the group said they were focused on making their work look "real" by using their knowledge in a combination of work and enjoyment. The 10-year-olds expressed interest in subjects that pose a technical challenge, pointing out that an artwork did not have to look real to be considered art. The 11-year-olds, on the other hand, wanted to explore different painting styles and find something interesting and then persist in accomplishing this desired style. The oldest children demonstrated elements of artistic decision-making skills, selecting among these elemen ts and modifying their knowledge and skills to create the desired end (Rostan, 1998). All the children interviewed were unanimous in saying that being an artist involves a combination of knowledge, motivation and purposeful work. How this combination of these factors come in their order of importance differed according to age. The youngest children said knowledge or an inborn talent is the most important, the older ones believed it was motivation and the oldest said purposeful work should take precedence over the others. Any study of the rise to fame of contemporary artists would also show that family and friends and the milieu in which an individual grows up bear an influence on the development of an artistic identity. Childhood experiences also provide inspiration for one to take up arts. For example, Louise Bourgois is considered very effective in conveying such feelings as anger, betrayal and jealousy because of an adulterous father whose mistress the governess lived with the family even as her mother refused to acknowledge the immorality. The best way to capture the development of an artist's identity is to chronicle the odyssey of artists from obscurity to the halls of fame. Medium as Message Sculptors create things to express an idea or feeling, which may or may not be shared by others. For example, a classic creation of Barbara Hepworth called "Corinth" looks like a big red apple that someone took a bite out of, but it was really not meant to be a sculpture of an apple. Two colors and a variety of textures, which cannot be seen in apples, were used to add interest and certain meaning to the abstract shape. In effect, the artist merely used the figure of an apple to convey a personal message, with sculpture as medium. There are many known art mediums by which artists can express their own ideas or feelings and it is a popular belief that the identity of an artist emerges as result of his/her chosen medium. The medium may also be an art movement, such as Abstractionism and Cubism, which could give an artist his/her own identity. It appears that

Aristotle's Ideas about Reality Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Aristotle's Ideas about Reality - Article Example This fundamental difference between the thinking patterns of the two Greeks resulted in a dualistic approach to comprehend Reality, each with its own arguments and counter-arguments. Plato believed that the world is a timeless, ordered cosmos whose reality transcends the temporal and empirical manifestation of the concrete surroundings on Earth. He hypothesized the existence of Forms, or Ideas, which represent the true Reality of the universe, and which are found in the world which we perceive in a combination of various degrees at various instances. Each manifestation in the world has an Idea which transcends it. For example, a chair gets its property of being a chair through the transcendent Form of Chair, which represents the common quality among all chairs in the world. As we break the chair to make a stool, the degree of Chair in that element decreases, and the degree of Stool (the transcendent Idea of Stool) in the element increases, till a point, is reached when the ‘Sto ol’ property (rather, Stooges) of that element overcomes the ‘Chair’ property (or rather, Chairness). At this point, the element transforms from a chair into a stool, and this is all due to the ‘Ideas’ which manifest themselves in that element. In such a way, Plato perceived, there were ideas for everything evident in the world, which was the pure representation of that quality. The Form of Beauty was pure beauty which manifested itself in various elements on the Earth to a varying degree.

Interpretation of the film Like water for chocolate Essay

Interpretation of the film Like water for chocolate - Essay Example It is a story of fantasy, romance and food, full of color and intensity. In fact, food, cooking and the kitchen are essential elements in this movie to such an extent that even the title itself is a reference to food. The expression "como agua para chocolate", translated as â€Å"like water for chocolate†, refers to the boiling water used to prepare hot chocolate in Mexico. This South American idiom is often used to describe someone who is sexually frustrated. Pedro and Tita’s love story starts very early on when as a girl she catches the boy’s eye. When years later the family receives the visit of young Pedro, Tita and him immediately recognize each other and fall in love. However, this was not meant to be: Tita was the youngest of three daughters and, according to custom, the one that would stay at home and take care of the ageing parents. Consequently, Tita will only be allowed to marry after the death of her mother (Monografà ­as.com). Her mother, a strict, conservative and tyrannical character, will not break the tradition but offers Rosaura, the eldest, instead. After some deliberation Pedro decides that marrying Rosaura would bring him closer to his real love and, to Tita’s surprise, he accepts the proposal. As a consequence, they all end up living in the same house and the situation becomes untenable: Pedro and Tita cannot be together but cannot hide the love that is obvious to all. From the storyline it is obvious that, in such a conservative society as that found in Mexico during the early 20th century, traditions are more important than feelings and compliance with an old custom prevails over the love of the main characters. In this conventional and old-fashioned society, although individuals were not free to marry whoever they chose, no one dares to challenge the established rules and become conformist. This applies to women but also to men, as

Management Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 5

Management Accounting - Essay Example The method emphasizes on the total costs incurred and the cost volume profits of the relationship are not considered. As far as the decision provided by the accountant, it is solely based on absorption costing. It is imperative to note that a major part of the costs of the two products are due to fixed overheads and administrative expenses. Moreover, these expenses are incurred even if the production of these two products is dropped. Hence a better costing method has to be adopted to effectively allocate the overheads. The two methods suited for Rothfield Plc are activity based costing and marginal costing. Activity Based Costing: ABC is a modern accounting system in which the expenses and overheads are segregated based on the functions of the organisation, which is followed by allocation of the costs to each of the items in respect to the volume of the activity (Kaplan & Anderson, 2007). The use of ABC costing allows the company to accurately assign the costs for all the activities of each of the product or service (Drury, 2005). Rothfield Plc can allocate the fixed overheads based on the usage of these resources by the various production processes. Marginal Costing or Variable Costing: Marginal Costing provides a clear explanation of the impact of changes in volume of output on the profits and the changes on the profits. There is also a clear differentiation between the fixed and variable costs as well. As explained by Dyson (2007), the fixed costs are never charged to the production and instead the fixed costs are treated as period charges. Hence Rothfield Plc can adopt this method to estimate the potential profits effectively. The total labor hours required to meet the estimated production levels are slightly higher (by 333 hours). Hence, it is evident that some of level of production of either one or some of the products has to be reduced. It is essential that whatever the production combination, the contributions from the sales are significant

Disaster in the alps Essay Example for Free

Disaster in the alps Essay My coursework is going to be based on a newspaper report called disaster in the alps. The report is taken from 2 different, British, newspapers The Times {a broadsheet} and The Mirror {a tabloid} I am going to be comparing the to news reports. The incident happened on the 3rd February 1998, at 3:25pm in Cavalese, northern Italy, where twenty people plunged to their deaths after an American warplane flew through and cut the wire of a cable car they were travelling in. The two British newspapers can be very different in style. The style of The Times is in the large broadsheet style and has a more formal register whereas The Mirror report is in a tabloid style and has a more informal register. The two reports both have some differences like the layout or arrangement of the two articles and the name and status of the people interviewed are different, but both reports use the same amount of pictures and contain some interesting factual information. Both reports contain factual information, but they both present their information in different ways to give off different but at the same time similar affects. Both reports have collected information that reads: The disaster happened at 3. 25pm, 20 people died, it happened in Cavalese, northern Italy, The incident happened on the 3rd February 1998, the plane in the incident was a Marine Corps EA-6B Prowler Jet and that the cable car fell 300 ft. The two reports both have their own individual factual information. The factual information stated in The Times is: The cable car was bright yellow, there was a steel wire supporting the cable car, the cable car could hold up to 40 people, there was no survivors, and that the plane was about 100 metres from the ground. All this information seems very formal and gives truth and realism of the incident, while the factual information in The Mirror states: The car was ripped apart, the second car was left dangling in the air, the bodies were lying beneath sheets of metal, the victims were 9 women, 10 men and 1 child, at least six were German, two Hungarian and two Polish, and that the people in the incident were killed instantly. This information too gives the truth of the incident and how gruesome it was. The two reports use different language to describe the incident. In both reports the language is very dramatic as both reporters are trying to give the readers a realistic feeling of the incident itself. The language used in the The Times to describe the incident and the plane is very formal as it goes deep into text and pulls out the striking information. In The Times the writer uses powerful words like roaring and Screaming which creates a feel of pain, agony and loud noises, but in The Times it also gives a personification saying screaming through the sky and like a thing in torment which again creates a deep sense of distress and suffering, this would make the reader see the scene at its worst point and become more expressive towards the incident, hence making them want to read on. There are other words the writer uses like Wreckage and Crumbled which also gives an image of how disastrous the incident was. The Mirror creates a similar image to that in The Times in the article it says Warplane Screamed this to makes people see the image of pain and agony also in the article it says It is a terrible scene of carnage which too will give the impression that the incident was very devastating. The Mirror has a pull quote in it that states it opened up like a cardboard box which will make the reader think of violence and devastation so along with the other intense and powerful words in the article it too sets an emotional effect on the reader. The language in The Times is a lot more formal than The Mirror and addresses the reader more directly than the writer in The Mirror does, The Mirror is a lot more gruesome and a lot more intense . The Times gives a much more realistic affect than The Mirror as to how terrible the scene of incident actually was, the writer of the report goes a lot deeper into detail, which gives a more pronounced picture. This report is also biased compared to The Times report, seeing that The Mirror gives a very clear sub-heading stating BRITS TELL OF HORROR IN SNOW subheadings are used in articles to break up the text and make it easier to read so by this sub-heading its giving the impression that the article is biased as the writer seems to emphasize on it, which would show the reader that there were British people at the scene of the incident. This would then catch a British readers attention in particular, as they would stop and think that could have been me so they then want to read on. So the idea of this effect is to catch a British readers attention so they attract more people to the newspaper. Both reports use a range of eye witnesses and interviews to create their own effect and impression on the report, the reporters do this by using different strategies and tactics. The first people to be interviewed in the The Mirror were Neil Harmar and Stacey ODonnell who were British they said Thank God we did referring to missing the cable car just by minutes, the use of this effect was to give a feeling of sympathy to the reader, he creates this influence by using sensitive and sympathetic words like Thank God. These British people were used to help to be bias towards the Americans, so when a British person reads the article they think that any one of their family could have been in that situation, Whereas The Times tends to use a different strategy the article does not try and draw their readers attention by sympathy or by telling the story with a twist and making it seem sad, this article gets straight to the point, they simply base the article on facts and refer to exactly what happen on the day of the incident, But like The Mirror they do try and turn people against the Americans as it says in the article Local residents had complained again and again about the low level of flying by American warplanes showing this was obviously a problem in this part of the country, one angry woman also says Weve had enough of these war games the phrase War games is giving the impression that the Americans are killing the people for fun, so it is also showing us how enraged the people of Cavalese were. The Mirror also makes the Americans seem like they are hiding something from the reporter as it states in the article Base refused to give any details of the incident showing they felt guilty about their actions, so they knew what they had done but REFUSED to give any information on it. The two articles have some major differences and similarities. The style of the two reports differ, for example The Times report has no subheading, for the title of the report it is presented in small font size and lower case letters the article also has a range of diagrams and drawings that show where the incident took place and the type of plane that was involved in the disaster {EA-6B Prowler jet plane}. In the article there is 1 large picture that shows the wreckage of the incident, The Times newspaper also has no pull quote throughout, whereas The Mirrors title consists of; large font size, uppercase letters and bold writing style, The use of captions in the article like Death car and Devastation make it seem a lot more interesting, the article also has a small subheading that is made up of small font size, lower case letters and Bold handwriting style. The Mirror just like the The Times article has a range of pictures and diagrams. There are diagrams showing the incident and how it happened and there are pictures showing blood stains on the snow and the cable car making the scene seem more realistic and directed to the readers, also helping the formality of the report. The Mirror is the most effective article of the two as it has a headline that is very eye catching and attractive, the large font size alone catches the readers attention, but the sub-heading also helps to make the article more informative, by giving the reader that little bit extra information, as it helps to break up the text and make it easier to read. The sub-heading in this article may even be used to attract the reader to the whole article. This sub heading that reads Brits tell of horror in snow which will come across as intriguing to the degree that the reader gives the whole article a chance, the sub-heading is also aimed to appeal directly too British people as it would act like a cliff hanger, so they would see the heading, want too analyse it in order to gain foundation knowledge leading them too read on, whereas in the The Times the headline is a lot more uninteresting and stands out less than The Mirror. The Times also lacks a sub heading which could have given the times a more detailed article, also helping to make it seem a bit more official. The use of no sub-heading in this article means that there is nothing to hook the readers attention to when they first see the article. Therefore the article may come across as informal (colloquial). Out of the two articles I think the one that explains what happened and gives the full effects of how devastating the incident was is The Mirror It achieves its full effectiveness as its a very detailed and progressed article, this article gets it point across, it is very descriptive and lot more attractive. The article also gives off its effectiveness by the presentation of the report, the use of pictures and the language is very realistic and dramatic giving a feel of the incident.

Training And Development Play An Important Role Management Essay

Training And Development Play An Important Role Management Essay Training and development is a system, a set of activities or process designed to help expand and improve a persons skills and knowledge which are related to his or her job scope. It is also a good way to help to improve the attitudes and competencies of employees. Training focuses more on current and present jobs, whereas development emphasizes more on long term and future jobs. Training and development programs can enhance the capabilities of employees to achieve organizational goals and effectiveness and efficiency of the operations within the organization. Trainings make better for business development and help the company to become more competitive and profitable. Training and development plays an important role in human resources management. One of the reasons is due to the significant changes of technologies in this modern era, where some business functions are becoming older and outdated. If the organization does not introduce new methods of accomplishing tasks and make changes to its existing business functions, the organization will fade out from its market eventually. Therefore, it is of paramount importance for an organization to implement training and development strategies to ascertain that the employees possess the skills and knowledge needed to operate the latest technologies. In addition, training and development programs will help to save cost for a company in the long run. An organization can launch training and development program to train and improve the skills of existing employees instead of hiring new employees to handle a project as the cost of training existing employees will be cheaper than hiring a new employee. Besides reducing the turnover rate of employees, effective training programs will help to increase job satisfaction, motivation and morale of employees. This is because employees will feel that the company cares for their welfare and appreciates their contributions, thus they will be loyal and work for the company for a long period of time. When a company gives its employees an opportunity to learn and develop new skills, they will feel that they have value in the company and try their best to contribute in building a stronger and more competitive organization. In short, training and development programs are essential for increasing pro ductivity, effectiveness and efficiency of an organization besides enhancing the image of the company. The major aim and objective of training and development is to add value to a firms human assets. These programs raise the capacity level of the company and help the company to overcome the rapid changes of technology in the globalized business world. Furthermore, it tends to increase the power of a company to compete with its competitors in the global market. Training and development programs also act as motivational tools to boost the enthusiasm of employees in performing their jobs. This will reduce the requirement for close supervisions and improve the effectiveness, efficiencies and performance of employees in the organization. Content Theories and Concepts Training and development is a set of planned programs and procedures aimed to improve employees capacity and organizational performance. The performance of employees in terms of ones attitude, behavior, skills and knowledge can be improved through the training programs implemented by an organization. Therefore, training and development programs can effectively improve the overall performance of the business. Trainings are normally targeted at technical staff, lower level management, middle and also senior level management. Normally, when programs are applied to lower and middle level management, they are known as trainings whereas when applied to senior level management, they are called development programs. Some general purposes of training and development are to enhance employees growth, improve the quality of workforce, bridge the gap between planning and implementation and help new comers. There are few relevant theories which are associated with training and development, namely the sensory stimulation theory, the reinforcement theory, the action theory, the experiential learning and the adult learning. Sensory theory states that when multi-sensory stimulation effect is great, learning takes place. In order words, efficient training will occur when the senses are inspired or stimulated. Some research found that 75% adults knowledge is learned by seeing, hearing and the other 13% is by other senses like smell, taste as well as touch. Reinforcement theory can be further classified as positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement. In positive reinforcement, trainee will repeat the desired behaviour; in negative reinforcement, trainee can strengthen behaviour when a negative condition is stopped. This theory focuses on the significance of experience, meaning, the development of insight and problem-solving skills. For instance, many trainers believe that trainees will develop problem-solving abilities when they are exposed to various situations and varied experiences. Action learning is a dynamic process that involves a group of people solving real-life problems. But at the same time, they must concentrate on what they are learning and how the learning can benefit the group members, the group itself as well as the organization as a whole. Nowadays, action learning becomes one of the key training and problem-solving tools for some large companies such as Nokia, Motorola, British Airways, US Department of Agriculture and Marriott. (Michael, 2004) Experiential learning defines learning as a process of creating the trainees knowledge via the transformation of experience. There are four stages in experiential learning. Firstly, the experiential learning is through concrete experience, which is putting something into practice. Secondly, it is through observation and reflection, in which one objectively analyzes the outcome. Thirdly, it is through abstract conceptualization, in which one review your conceptual understanding. Lastly, it is through active experimentation, which is experimenting to find solution. The diagram below shows the experiential learning cycle and the basic learning styles. stage.jpg Lastly, adult learning is a theory that holds six assumptions about how adults learn and this theory emphasizes on the value of the process of learning. There are six assumptions of adult learning, which are adults need to know why they need learning, readiness to learn, self-concept, motivation to learn, orientation to learning and learners experience. This approach is problem-based and collaborative rather than precept and also focus on more equality between the trainer and trainee. (Benefits and Problems, n.d.) In addition, there are two dimensions of training and development processes, which are the degree of formality and the balance between self-directed as well as other-directed learning. These two choices of the dimensions result in 4 overall methods. For instance, one can take a formal training to self-directed or other directed learning, likewise one can take informal training to self-directed or other directed learning. Trainers make decision about what approach to be taken into training depending on several factors, such as the amount of money which can be invested for training, timeliness of training needed, specificity and complexity of the skills and knowledge needed as well as capacity and motivation of the learner. Undeniably, formal and other-directed learning and development programs are more expensive than other approaches. However, through this approach learner can achieve the desired skills and knowledge in a timely basis. This form of learning is mostly used in colleges, universities and training centres, which normally grants diplomas and certificates. Employee development plans is another form of formal and other-directed training. Employee development plans help to identify performance goals, the ways to achieve the goals, by when and whom to verify their result. Besides, in formal and self-directed training, learner should set his or her own learning goals, methods and means to verify the accomplishment. For example, supervisors and employees work together to achieve formal and self-directed learning in the workplace, at the same time they collaborate to accomplish continuous learning for continued productivity and learning. Informal training and development is more casual and incidental. Normally, there are no specific training goals and ways to evaluate their level of accomplishment of goals. Make an example of informal and other-directed training, supervisors send their employees to training regarding sexual harassment in the workplace. Informal and self-directed learning can be very low cost and this training approach may take longer time than other-directed forms. However, the learner must have the capacity and motivation to pursue their own training. For example, there are informal discussions among employees on a certain topic or organizations sending their employees to attend talks by famous speakers, as long as the learners select the activities and topics by themselves. (Carter Mcnamara, n.d.) Contributions and Significance Training and development programs can contribute to an organization by helping it to save cost. Normally, a successor will be trained by someone who is an expert in a particular field to refill a position if there is a sudden vacancy within the organization. This can help the company to save recruiting cost, training cost, and keep the organization operating smoothly. By this way, the company need not hire someone outside the company to train since the training is easily attainable by present employees. Training the successors is better than recruiting people from outside of the organization. In addition, recruiting professional with high skills is much more expensive than training current employee to acquire those skills. Secondly, training and development can improve the relationship between bosses and subordinates. Training programs will involve different levels of employees in an organization and this increases communication among each other. When the communication breakdown between bosses and subordinates, the business will suffer, the tension will increase and cause other negative consequences to happen. Through training and development process, they can understand their jobs better; therefore some accidents and misunderstanding can be avoided. At the same time, productivity of employees may increase. Thirdly, training and development will lead to an increased profitability and more positive attitude towards an organizations goals. These can be done by enhancing employees knowledge and polishing their skills at all levels within an organization. When the satisfactions of customers are fulfilled by well-trained employees, this will increase the number of repeated business. At the same time, the reputation of the company is also enhanced because of good services performed by the employees. Therefore, training and development helps an organization to achieve competitive advantage over others in the industry. Case Development Companys Background Resorts World Sdn Bhd was a private limited company established in year 1980. In year 1989, the company was listed into the Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange market to become a public listed company on 14 July. It was subsequently renamed as Resorts World Bhd, in which this company name had been used from year 1989 to 2009. Resorts World Bhd then changed its name again to Genting Malaysia Berhad on 18 June 2009 and this name has been used until today. As everyone knows Resorts World Genting is built in the high mountain areas; the cool and refreshing air is an indispensable factor in attracting visitors. Besides, Resorts World Genting excels in offering full-of-fun entertainment attractions and the luxurious international class destination, in order to satisfy different cultures and needs of tourists. Generally, Resorts World Genting has established six hotels, namely the First World Hotel, the Theme Park Hotel, the Awana Hotel, the Maxims Genting, the Resort Hotel and the Highlands Hotel. The First World Hotel with a total of 6,118 rooms was the Worlds Largest Hotel according to Guinness World Records (Knowles, 2011). In addition, Resorts World Genting also offers close to 200 distinctive dining outlets and shopping stores, business convention facilities and mega shows. The most attractive features of the company are the two theme parks with more than 40 rides and non-stop entertainment. Adult Bumper Car, Flying Dragon, 4D Motion Master, Ride de Paris and other entertainment facilities are provided in indoor theme parks. Moreover, outdoor theme parks provide more fun rides than indoor, such as Pirate Ship, Spinner, Flying Coaster, Corkscrew, Boating, Dinosaur land and Rodeo Rider, which have successfully attracted visitors from all walks of life. Resorts World Genting also monopolizes the legal gambling market in Malaysia as it operates the one and only casino in Malaysia. Many locals frequent the casino to gamble. The casino offers international gambling games such as Tai Sai, Baccarat, Roulette, Blackjack, slots and Pokers. Resort World Genting not only operates the entertainment facilities but also the longest cable car system in Southeast Asia, named as Genting Skyway. The cable cars are crossing 3.38km from the hillside to Highlands Hotel at the peak. Therefore, it is obvious that Resorts World Berhad focuses its businesses in entertainment and tourism industry. Training and Development Practices, Advantages and Disadvantages of the Practices Resorts World Genting supports and promotes employee development and organizational effectiveness by pursuing personnel policies in training and development, which is in line with the organizational culture, mission and vision. The organization has been actively involved in providing high quality trainings, development programs and opportunities for career development of individual workers. In fact, Resorts World Genting recorded more than 8,500 employees attending internal and external training programs in year 2009. The various training programs carried out to produce competent workers include etiquette, grooming and personal impact, customer service and service delivery aimed at front-line employees and consistent departmental team-building activities. To improve productivity and effectiveness within the organization, Resorts World Genting offers internal trainings such as on-the-job training and job rotation from time to time. As an effort to support the Skim Latihan 1Malaysia (SL1M) launched by the Prime Minister in year 2011, Resorts World Genting has gone all out to provide on-the-job placements to unemployed or underemployed graduates with appropriate qualifications. This scheme requires candidates to achieve a minimum CGPA of 2.5 for a degree from any recognized tertiary institution and possess the ability to converse in Bahasa Malaysia and English. Shortlisted trainees will be given 2 to 3 months soft skill trainings and 9 to 10 months on-the-job training. During the training period, trainees will assist in organizational projects and departmental functions and involve in departmental or organization-wide planning and decision making. Subsequently, trainees are evaluated on their suitability for vacancies in Resorts World Ge nting. There are several advantages that can be yield through the on-the-job training. Resorts World Gentings effort has actually helped to enhance the employability of unemployed graduates to compete for jobs that match their qualifications. Through SL1M, trainees acquire necessary soft skills such as communication skills, critical thinking and organizational adaptability to increase their competency in the job market. As the organization usually customizes the learning to fit business purposes, trainees will be well-prepared to perform real job tasks because they will be taught to master the tools needed to perform their specific roles. Therefore, SL1M improves the quality and helps fresh graduates to be more marketable in the labor market. On the contrary, there are also certain drawbacks towards Resorts World Genting through the implementation of SL1M on-the-job training. This scheme lacks of consistency as the training is closely dependent on experienced senior workers to give out instructions that are purported to be essential in completing a task efficiently and effectively. As the instructions vary with each trainer, there is no standardized learning carried out across the organization. It is also insufficient for a trainee to learn the skills and knowledge from only a trainer. Besides, when there is no structured guidance on training lessons, trainees will only learn about the routines and solve daily problems that arise in the normal course of working. They will face difficulties and feel humiliated in the future when they are confronted with complex and rare problems which are not taught during the SL1M scheme. Under close supervision by a trainer, the trainee can be easily influenced by the trainers habits and attitudes towards various aspects of the job such as management and interaction techniques. They can quickly adopt lazy habits and take shortcuts in performing their tasks, which in return will bring unfavorable consequences towards Resorts World Genting. Resorts World Genting also offers Management Trainee Program which provides job rotation opportunities to potential employees. Its purpose is to discover and develop the next generation of leaders to hold higher managerial positions in the future by equipping them with the required skills, judgment and qualities of an effective manager. Under the Management Trainee Program of Resorts World Genting, trainees will be given the chance to conduct cross-functional assignments and special projects to develop leadership skills. The 18-24 months program allows trainees to explore different areas of the corporation such as Casino Operations, Theme Park Operation, Theme Park Technical and Human Resource. Successful trainees will be posted to Senior Executive or Assistant Manager positions. According to the official website of Resorts World Genting, 19 management trainees successfully graduated and recruited as permanent employees in year 2009. The Management Trainee Program has benefited Resorts World Gentings employees in many ways. Selected trainees will have good prospects in their career advancement as they are exposed to all facets of the business, from marketing to customer service, to human resource and operations. Thus, they can be easily promoted to a managerial position once a vacancy comes up within the organization. Besides, the program helps to identify and develop potential talents as a means of providing a good succession planning and enhancing morale in the organization. It helps to foster teamwork within the organization, promote good camaraderie and improve communication among teams because trainees usually collaborate with different team members at different levels. A major disadvantage of the Management Trainee Program is that successful trainees tend to be more self-centered and expect preferential treatment such as higher compensation and benefits from the organization. They might think high of themselves with the qualifications possessed. As the management trainees undergo job rotation, there is a tendency that the trainees could not master the operations and have an in-depth understanding of the functions in a department before switching to another department in just a few months. Consequently, they will become Jack of all trades and a master of none. The result might be harmful to the organization as these future-to-be managers might not be good managers. In addition, off-the-job learning is conducted by Resorts World Genting. Scholarships were awarded to 21 high-performing employees in the year 2009. Deserving employees received scholarships to further their studies at MAHTEC, Kolej Antarabangsa Genting Inti and Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales (ICAEW). In year 2011, 22 scholarships worth RM1.7 million were awarded under the Genting Malaysia Education Fund to outstanding employees and other external recipients. Moreover, the organization partners with colleges and universities and professional associations such as Genting INTI International College (GIIC), ACCA, CIMA and ICAEW to provide the opportunity for employees to enhance their qualifications. For instance, Resorts World Gentings Finance Department has been recognized by professional accountancy bodies such as ACCA, CIMA and ICAEW to provide trainings to accounting fields employees to become qualified accountants. One of the advantages of Resorts World Genting offering further studies opportunities is that the employees with higher qualifications and professionalism can contribute more to the organization in various aspects of the organization. These professionals such as accountants, risk management experts and investment analysts can make better planning, professional evaluations and decisions for the organization in the business dealings. This will in turn help Resorts World Genting to minimize cost, maximize profits and penetrate into more profitable markets in various countries. When the organization has a good reputation of offering scholarships to high-performers, there will be a larger pool of qualified unsolicited candidates for the organization to make selection for a vacancy. Therefore, Resorts World Genting is less likely to face the problem of lack of qualified candidates for selection process. However, offering scholarships might be costly to Resorts World Genting as the organization has to fork out a whopping amount to support the increasing cost of living and tuition fees of scholarship recipients. This is much more expensive compared to other internal training programs. The organization also faces the risk that it might lose its high-quality employees after they have finished their studies. This is because when the high-performers have completed their duration of work as stipulated in the scholarship agreement, they might be poached by Resorts World Gentings competitors by being offered a higher compensation and more benefits. Furthermore, Resorts World Genting has also organized many seminars and conferences to help develop the professionalism of the senior management. For example, in October 2011, the organization carried out the 23rd Genting Malaysia Senior Managers Conference in Awana Kijal, Terengganu to encourage workers to be passionately committed to achieving the organizations goals and core values. Last but not least, besides organizing departmental team-building activities, Resorts World Genting emphasizes on work-life balance programs which improve employees wellbeing. To highlight holistic development of all levels of employees, the organization has also organized sports events and self-improvement activities. Some of the programs involved in inculcating team-spirit and lifelong learning include Coaching Leadership A Future for Women in Leadership, Sexual Harassment in the Workplace, Labour Day celebration and Genting Employee Carnival. The conferences organized by Resorts World Genting have benefited the organization as the senior managers and top management have the chance to exchange various viewpoints regarding the course of businesses run by the organization. This encourages communication and collaboration among all levels of managers of different departments within the organization instead of emphasizing on only one department. As a grand decision made by one department affects another, it is essential that all departments involved discuss and analyze a matter before making a final decision. Besides, the programs and activities carried out help to drive the behaviors and personal goals of employees to be in line with the organizational purpose, which in turn contributes to a highly-productive working environment. These activities are effective motivators for the employees to perform better and achieve organizational objectives. In contrast, attending various seminars and programs may be a loss of productivity and a waste of time for the employees of Resorts World Genting. Discouraged workers tend to take these activities as distractions to escape from work. There are also times that the information presented during seminars or the activities organized do not interest a particular individual. Moreover, the information presented by external parties may be incorrect, flawed and biased. The information cannot appeal to all the needs of the employees from different departments in the organization and it may be just a reiteration of what the employees have known. What the speakers provide are mostly theoretical and these theories cannot be applied in real-life situations due to various factors. The above are the human resource practices implemented by Resorts World Genting to ensure the effectiveness and efficiency of the employees. There are advantages and disadvantages for each activity organized by the organization. The top managers should look into the boon and bane of a practice before implementing it to maximize productivity within the organization. Critiques of Practices on the Effectiveness of the Company There are several critiques on the effectiveness of training and development practices implemented by Resorts World Genting on the normal course of business. The first method used by Resorts World Genting is on-the-job training, which is Skim Latihan 1Malaysia (SL1M). This method mainly helps the unemployed or fresh graduates to brush up their qualifications so that they have the capacity to meet the skills and knowledge needed by the jobs. This scheme is actually less effective to the operations of the organization as there is no structured and detailed handbook or guidelines to follow. Since this scheme has so many disadvantages such as inconsistency in training, too subjective and only dependent on one senior worker for each trainee, it would be cost-consuming to retain workers which are not well-trained. In long-term, this method will reduce the productivity of the company. Therefore, SL1M might be useful in decreasing the unemployment rate in the country but this scheme is unfavorable towards Resorts World Genting as it reduces the effectiveness of the organization. The second method applied by Resorts World Genting is job-rotation trainings that are offered to train potential employees to hold managerial positions in the future. Overall, the management trainee program increases the productivity and effectiveness of the organization. The disadvantages of the management trainee program are minor as they can be easily eliminated through some modifications of the program. This program usually has a higher requirement from its trainees as the trainees must be able to work under high pressure. Since they will be exposed to the functioning of every department within Resorts World Genting, they will be able to master all the operations when they have completed their training. Thus, the high-performing and well-trained employees will be able to manage high positions effectively and meet the organizational goals. In addition, Resorts World Genting also provides off-the-job learning by offering scholarships and opportunities to further studies to high-performing employees. This will be cost-saving in a way that the actual amount spent on scholarships is much lower than the cost of recruiting and selecting a new employee. The organization will have low turnover rate as this increases the job satisfaction of the employees. It will also be able to retain its pool of talents, and this human asset will provide comparative advantage to the organization to compete with other competitors. Professionals trained by the organization could make better professional analysis and decisions which in turn will increases the effectiveness in the business dealings. Therefore, off-the-job training increases the effectiveness and efficiency of Resorts World Genting in the long-run. Seminars and talks organized by Resorts World Genting appear to be less effective in training the employees as majority of these seminars involve only theoretical presentation. It is also not cheap to invite external speakers to give talks to the employees which will then be considered as a waste of time. As it is difficult to control human behavior, the company also cannot avoid the fact that some lazy employees take this chance to escape work. In short, organizing seminars and talks would decrease the effectiveness and productivity of the operations in Resorts World Genting. Recommendation There are some recommendations for Resorts World Genting to improve their training and development programs. First and foremost, there are few recommendations to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of on-the-job training, which is Skim Latihan 1Malaysia (SL1M) implemented by Resorts World Genting. The organization can set a standardized and structured on-the-job training scheme, alongside with clear and detailed handbook for every trainer and trainee. Trainers can follow the scheme and handbook which detail all workplace procedures to train the new employees and make sure that the trainees fully understand their jobs. Besides, Resorts World Genting has to choose the trainers carefully. Trainers must achieve the level of qualification required to train the new employees and the organization must make sure that they do not show bad habits or examples. This is because a good trainer will influence a trainee to become a good employee in the future. Besides teaching the trainees on how to solve their daily problems, the experienced trainers should also emphasize on rare and potential probl ems that might happen in the future, or at least the trainees are taught about these problems using theories. Furthermore, Resorts World Genting can assign more supervisors to observe how trainers and trainees work in their positions and require weekly report from the trainers. Trainers and trainees will then concentrate and pay more effort on their jobs because they do not wish to obtain bad comments in their report. Secondly, there are some recommendations for Management Trainee Program. Resorts World Genting can first try to observe the characteristics of potential employees and then decide which department is suitable for the individuals. Besides, managers can also interview the potential employees and tests their abilities in each and every sector. This can help to enhance the skills and knowledge that the management trainee lacks in a particular sector. Furthermore, Resorts World Genting also can set the period of job rotation longer. Potential employees can learn and discover more on a post before they change to another position if the job rotation duration is longer. Since these potential employees are going to handle managerial positions in the future, it is important for them to practice job ethics. Therefore, Resorts World Genting should show their employees that the organization emphasizes ethical ways of doing jobs. This will influence the employees and may change their decisions and actions to become more ethical in performing their job. In addition, to achieve cost-effectiveness, Resorts World Genting can offer their employees scholarships to further studies in local educational institutions instead of overseas. The tuition fees in local educational institutions are much cheaper compared to those abroad. Furthermore, the cost of living is also lower than staying overseas. Resorts World Genting can also plan to set up their own educational institution instead of partnering with other colleges. By taking this initiative, Resorts World Genting can save much cost for scholarships and attract more students to study in

Hazards in High Temperature Work Environment

Hazards in High Temperature Work Environment Production environment meteorological conditions affected plant construction, ventilation equipment, process and heat conditions, etc., while at high temperatures or the presence of high air humidity or heat radiation and other adverse weather conditions, production labor, it may become a high-temperature operation. High temperature classification High temperature, heat radiation jobs: as between metallurgy, casting, forging, heat treatment furnace workshop, boiler, etc. These workplaces high temperatures, high thermal radiation intensity, is dry and hot environment. Hot, humid jobs: such as dyeing, reeling, paper, wet deep mine operations, mainly due to the large amount of water vapor generated during production or production process requirements workshop to maintain a high relative humidity due. Outdoor summer jobs: as summer farm labor, construction, transportation and other outdoor jobs, mainly due to direct solar radiation and heating the ground and surrounding objects form a secondary effect of the additional heat affected. What are the health effects of high temperature? High temperatures can lead to acute heat-induced illness (such as barbed hot, prickly heat and heat stroke) and chronic thermally induced disease (chronic heat failure, hypertension, myocardial damage, digestive disorders, skin diseases, tropical lethargy, kidney stones, hot water resistance failure, etc.). E: Health Education and Promotion missionaries taught forum 03 occupational hazards and health effects heat stroke 2010715162605.jpg occupational heat stroke in high temperature operating environment, due to thermal equilibrium and (or) water-salt metabolism disorders caused by central nervous system and (or) cardiovascular disorders as the main manifestation of acute illness. What are the clinical manifestations of occupational heat stroke, heat stroke after how this process? Heatstroke aura: After some time working workplace temperature, dizziness, headache, thirst, sweating, general fatigue, heart palpitations, inability to concentrate, incoordination and other symptoms, the body temperature normal or slightly elevated. Principles: Temporarily out of high-temperature field, and be closely observed. Mild heat stroke: In addition to the aggravation of the symptoms of heat stroke, the emergence of facial flushing, sweating, rapid pulse, such as performance, body temperature rises above 38.5 Æ’. Principles: rapidly from the high-temperature field, to the shade to rest; give a refreshing drink salt and symptomatic treatment. Severe heat stroke can be divided into heatstroke, heat cramps and heat exhaustion III, also can appear mixed. E: Health Education and Promotion missionaries taught forum 03 occupational hazards and health effects heat stroke 5604331_993159.jpg heatstroke (including sunstroke), also known as heat stroke, high fever, the body heat in hot environments blocked thermoregulatory mechanism disorders caused high mortality rate (20 to 40%). Which is characterized by sudden onset of high temperature environment, the temperature up to 40 Æ’, early disease sweating, followed by no sweat, hot and dry skin may be associated with different levels of consciousness disorders. Heat cramps due to excessive sweating, body sodium, potassium loss caused by excessive. Mainly for the obvious muscle spasm, accompanied by contraction pain. Occur in many activities, such as abdominal muscles and limbs, especially for the gastrocnemius. Often has symmetry. Sometimes seizures, sometimes ease. Patients with clear consciousness, body temperature normal. Heat exhaustion is a high temperature, high humidity environment, increase skin blood flow is not accompanied by a corresponding increase in splanchnic vasoconstriction or blood volume, the body can not compensate temporary brain ischemia induced syncope. The main clinical manifestations of dizziness, headache, sweating, thirst, nausea, vomiting, and then clammy skin, blood pressure, heart rhythm disorders, mild dehydration, the body temperature slightly higher or normal. Usually a short break to clear, generally do not cause circulatory failure. E: Health Education and Promotion missionaries taught forum 03 occupational hazards and health effects heat stroke QQ picture 20130701150544.jpg principles: rapidly be physical cooling and (or) drugs cooling; correct water and electrolyte imbalance; symptomatic treatment. Stroke patients with timely treatment, and can be quickly restored without having transferred from the original work. The importance of missionary training E: Health Education and Promotion missionaries taught forum 03 occupational hazards and health effects heat stroke 201076192404.jpg if workers in high temperature environment, the employer is necessary to workplace hazards temperatures timely assessment of the situation, and to develop plan to prevent heat stroke. In addition, the employer shall provide workers and their exposure to high temperature hazard awareness training competent enough, the content should include the following components: awareness (1) high temperature hazards, (2) occupational heat stroke prevention, (3) how to recognize heat stroke symptoms, (4) when their stroke symptoms appear or colleagues how to do. Remember: If a worker or colleague can leave a hot environment that is in the early stages of heat stroke occurs, you can effectively avoid aggravating the problem. What measures should be taken to control workplace hazards temperature? E: Health Education and Promotion missionaries taught forum 03 occupational hazards and health effects heat stroke 1315212318.jpg [technical measures] 1 rational design of production processes: Improved production equipment and method of operation is the fundamental measures to improve the working conditions of high temperature operation. Such as steel casting, rolling, casting, enamel and other production automation, allows workers away from heat, while reducing labor intensity. Heat source arrangement should meet the following requirements: à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚   try disposed outside the shop; à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚ ¡ When using hot-based natural ventilation, as arranged in the skylight below; à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚ ¢ When using drafts based natural ventilation, as arranged in the summer the prevailing wind direction leeward side; à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚ £ take on heat insulation measures; à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚ ¤ so easy to use cooling measures work place, you can set partition (plate) between the heat source, so that hot air rises along the wall, through the skylight discharge, in order to avoid spread throughout the workshop; à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚ ¥ hot finished and semi-finish ed out of the workshop should be downwind side or stacked. 2 Insulation: Insulation is an important measure to prevent heat radiation, can use water or thermal conductivity of insulation materials, including large specific heat of water, can effectively absorb radiant heat. E: Health Education and Promotion missionaries taught forum 03 occupational hazards and health effects heat stroke 7576382.jpg3 ventilation and cooling: through doors and windows, natural ventilation slits have some effect, but the high temperature in this way alone workshop often can not meet the cooling needs, this time can be used to achieve mechanical ventilation cooling purposes. 4 temperature and humidity regulation system: The air conditioning system can effectively reduce the temperature in the workplace, for the presence of open water tanks, steam valves and other heat sources, can be used dehumidifier system reduces the temperature of the air in the workplace. [Health measures] 1 hot work should be supplemented with the sweat of workers equal amount of water and salt. The salt content of the beverage 0.15% and 0.2% is appropriate. Drinking a few times appropriate manner. Labor in a hot environment, the energy consumption increases, so should be appropriate to add the total dietary calories and vitamins. E:. Health Education and Promotion missionaries taught forum 03 occupational hazards and health effects heat stroke 414007_066080.jpg2 temperature worker overalls, should heat, thermal conductivity and permeability of good fabric. Prevent radiant heat, available white overalls made à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹of canvas or aluminum foil. Special high-temperature operation of workers, such as thermal lining repair, cleaning and other types of ladle to prevent intense heat radiation effect, are required to wear masks and wearing thermal insulation, fire-retardant, ventilation heat protective clothing, such as spraying metals (copper, silver) insulation masks, aluminum insulated clothing. 3 workers exposed to high temperatures should be pre-employment physical examination and the summer before, where there is uncontrolled hypertension, chronic nephritis, uncontrolled hyperthyroidism, uncontrolled diabetes, the body above the scar area ≠¥20% (injury standard eight) as well as those who belong to the high-temperature operation of epilepsy disease contraindications, should not engage in high-temperature operation. In addition, arrangements must not engage in female workers during pregnancy third level, fourth level jobs temperature specified in the job grading standards. E: Health Education and Promotion missionaries taught forum 03 occupational hazards and health effects heat stroke 4_110803104730_1.jpg [management] According to regional climate characteristics, appropriate adjustments to labor and rest in summer high temperature regime. Pergola lounge or seating should be set up away from heat sources as possible, there must be adequate cooling facilities and beverages. Large factories can set up special air-conditioning system with the rest of the workers apartment, to ensure workers exposed to high temperatures during the summer months there is sufficient sleepy eyes and rest. Outdoor summer jobs as well as jobs in workplace temperature can not be controlled below 33 Æ’, the employer to the employee shall be paid a monthly allowance temperature. [Organizational measures] (A) The maximum daily temperatures reach above 39 Æ’, the day should stop outdoor open-air work; (B) the daily maximum temperature reached less than 37 Æ’ to 39 Æ’ (excluding 39 Æ’), the day outdoors outdoor working hours shall not more than six hours, 12:00 to 16:00 outdoors outdoor work should be suspended; (C) the daily maximum temperature reaches above 35 Æ’ to below 37 Æ’ (excluding 37 Æ’), the employer shall take the holiday shift, etc., to shorten the time of continuous operation, and shall arrange outdoor open-air job workers to work overtime. (D) shall not cause pregnant women and juvenile workers in the workplace more than 35 Æ’ hot weather and outdoor work in temperatures above 33 Æ’. [Emergency Health Check] For the hot season there have heatstroke aura job workers, or exposure to high temperatures due to the accident or occupational exposure may lead to heat stroke populations (including participation accident rescue personnel), when asked whether headache, dizziness, chest tightness, palpitations, sweating , fever, little or no urine and other symptoms, and observe the condition of consciousness. Physical examination should focus on checking temperature, blood pressure, pulse and nervous system, and carry out blood, urine, serum electrolytes and renal function and other laboratory tests. Diagnosis apply occupational heat stroke] When the diagnosis of occupational institution for occupational heat stroke diagnostic materials need to be prepared include: (A) proof of evidence of health damage, such as occupational health inspection results; (B) evidence to prove labor relations, such as labor contracts, work permits, the employer proof; ID card copy (three) require diagnosis workers; (D) Other evidence: as occupational history, history of exposure to high temperatures and weather conditions at work, workplace temperature detection and evaluation information.

Dead Poet society :: essays research papers

â€Å"I want to make them free thinkers† says Mr Keating to Mr McAllister. This essay will define the meaning of â€Å"free thinker†, its importance to the young men of Mr Keating's class, the meaning of Mr Keating's statement and finally the different impacts that this new way of thinking has on the boys. A â€Å"Freethinker† as defined by The Macquarie Dictionary is â€Å"someone who forms their opinions independently of authority or tradition, especially in matters of religion†. Therefore a free thinker is someone who can produce ideas for themselves and is not solely reliant on the thoughts and actions of others to predetermine their life path. To pass from childhood to adulthood is usually an adjustment from following the rules and regulations of figures in society such as parents and teachers to making conscience independent decisions about future actions based on one's own beliefs and ideas. Often this pathway is a difficult voyage and those who go through are usually aided by mentors that they can get guidance from. Mr Keating in the Dead Poets Society was such a mentor for a group of confused young men who had been used to convention and stifling of creativity and freethinking all of their time at Welton Preparatory School for Boys. What Mr Keating means by â€Å"i want to make them free thinkers† is that he wants the young men of his English class all to live a fulfilled life and to do this they must stop following the set structure like a herd of sheep following one and another For example in the movie â€Å"Dead Poet Society† when Mr Keating gets all the boys within his English class to ripe out the introduction entitled â€Å"Understanding Poetry† by Dr. J. Evans Pritchard, Ph.D. Evans explains Poetry by being able to be graded on a graph to determan if a poem is good or not. Mr Keating gets the boys to understand that you can not tell if a poem is good or not by a graph but by how much it means to you and the way it makes you feel. This is becoming a free thinker not using a set structure but actually understanding and appreciating it. He also believes that you can not set an age where free thinking should begin and it should be something that happens all throughout life. For the boys t o learn and accomplish the things that Mr Keating wants them to within his class, they must think with there minds and not using a book.

Nonconceptuality and the Emotions :: Conceptuality Psychology Papers

Nonconceptuality and the Emotions I present an argument for the existence of nonconceptual states. A nonconceptual state is an intentional state which does not require the bearer to possess all requisite concepts in order to represent the state. I frame the debate by outlining two constraints that an argument for nonconceptuality should meet. First, successful argument must present a platitude of concepts and illustrate that there are intentional states which both actually violate this platitude (the empirical constraint) and explain behavior independently of conceptual states (the robustness constraint). This ensures that the notion of nonconceptuality established by the argument will have a significant part in the explanatory arsenal of the intentional psychologist. Secondly, I formulate a platitude of concepts based on the intuition that an individual can only legitimately be held responsible for behavior caused by conceptual states. After qualifying the platitude, I argue that emotional states actually violate th e platitude and meet the necessary constraints. Finally, I defend my argument against two challenges: one which denies that the empirical constraint has been met and the other which denies that the robustness constraint has been met. I conclude my discussion with some general remarks on the nature of nonconceptual representation. Any satisfactory model of the emotions must at once recognize their place within intentional psychology and acknowledge their uniqueness as mental causes. In the first half of the century, the theories of James and Freud had considerable influence on reinforcing the idea that emotions are non-intentional. (1) The uniqueness of emotions was therefore acknowledged at the price of denying them content, of denying them a place within intentional psychology proper. More recently, cognitive reductionists like Joel Marks and Martha Nussbaum recognize that emotions are intentional but, by reducing them to beliefs, judgements, desires, etc., fail to capture their distinctiveness as mental causes. (2) In other words, their place within intentional psychology is acknowledged at the price of denying them their uniqueness. Anti-reductionists, as I see them, are committed to the idea that emotions are both intentional and unique. This uniqueness, however, is rarely, if ever, traced to emotional content itself. An anti-reductionist is more likely to single out, e.g., a phenomenological, evaluative or perspectival feature which, as purportedly distinctive of emotional experience, precludes the reduction of emotions to, say, cognitive states. (3) My intention is not to assess these efforts. Rather, I want to offer an argument which shows that emotions are unique in virtue of the kind of intentionality they have.

Math Coursework - The Fencing Problem :: Math Coursework Mathematics

The Fencing Problem Aim - to investigate which geometrical enclosed shape would give the largest area when given a set perimeter. In the following shapes I will use a perimeter of 1000m. I will start with the simplest polygon, a triangle. Since in a triangle there are 3 variables i.e. three sides which can be different. There is no way in linking all three together, by this I mean if one side is 200m then the other sides can be a range of things. I am going to fix a base and then draw numerous triangles off this base. I can tell that all the triangles will have the same perimeter because using a setsquare and two points can draw the same shape. If the setsquare had to touch these two points and a point was drawn at the 90 angle then a circle would be its locus. Since the size of the set square never changes the perimeter must remain the same. [IMAGE] The area of a triangle depends on two things: the height and the base. The base is fixed in this example so the triangle that has the biggest height, i.e. the middle triangle, will have the biggest area. The middle triangle turns out to be an icosoles triangle. I am going to focus only on icosoles triangles. I have constructed a formula linking all three sides in and icosoles triangle. [IMAGE] X X X=any number which is greater than 250 and less than 500 ======================================================== 1000 - 2X Using Pythagoras theorem I can find and equation linking a side to the area. ====================================================================== ÂÂ ½(1000 - 2X)ÂÂ ² + HÂÂ ² = XÂÂ ² HÂÂ ² = XÂÂ ² + (X -500)ÂÂ ² H = height X 500 - X XÂÂ ² - (500-X)ÂÂ ² H Area 251 249 1000 31.6 7874.1 300 200 50000 223.61 44721.0 333.33

William Shakespeare: Greatest Poet & Playwright

England's greatest poet and playwright was born in Stratford, the son of a tradesman and Alderman of Stratford, John Shakespeare in 1564. William, the eldest son, and third child of eight, was baptized on the 26th April 1564. He received his early education at Stratford Grammar School, but little is known of his life up to his eighteenth year. His Grammar School curriculum would have provided a formidable linguistic, and to some extent literary education. It is noted that he did not like grammar but did have a love for dramatics. Shakespeare attended King†s New School in Stratford which was one of the best grammar schools. Shakespeare read many books. He used some of these books as sources for his plays. One of his most prominent sources of literature was the book The Union of the Two Noble and Illustre families of Lancaster and York written by Hall. Shakespeare used this book to help inscribe his plays about many kings including three plays about Henry VI and a play written about Richard III. Also he wrote Othello on the basis of Hecatommithi and Twelfth Night on the basis of His Farewell to Military Profession. More than fifty percent of Shakespeare†s plays were influenced from various groups of topics. Other things that influenced Shakespeare†s plays were his life experiences. As a young boy dramatic events that occurred led to his writing of Hamlet. The drowning of a girl named Katherine he knew was also a source of his playwriting. History affected his writing as well. One of Shakespeare†s most heralded plays was based on the life and demise of Julius Caesar. He gathered information about Caesar, and with his literary brilliance wrote about Caesar and his story in a unique perspective. Also the life of Marc Antony was very influential in one of Shakespeare†s great plays, as well as the bible and other chronicles. Many of these influences were brought upon by his education, which taught his a lot about history and its figures. Many reasons can be given for Shakespeare's enormous appeal. His fame basically is from his great understanding of human nature. He was able to find universal human qualities and put them in a dramatic situation creating characters that are timeless. Yet he had the ability to create characters that are highly individual human beings. Their struggles in life are universal. Sometimes they are successful and sometimes their lives are full of pain, suffering, and failure. In addition to his understanding and realistic view of human nature, Shakespeare had a vast knowledge of a variety of subjects. These subjects include music, law, Bible, stage, art, politics, history, hunting, and sports. Shakespeare had a tremendous influence on culture and literature throughout the world. He contributed greatly to the development of the English language. Many words and phrases from Shakespeare's plays and poems have become part of our speech. Shakespeare's plays and poems have become a required part of education in the United States. Therefore, his ideas on subjects such as romantic love, heroism, comedy, and tragedy have helped shape the attitudes of millions of people. His description of historical figures and events has influenced our thinking more than what has been written in history books. The world has admired and respected many great writers, but only Shakespeare has generated such enormous continuing interest.